Từ vựng IELTS chủ đề Culture (Văn hoá)

tradition/trəˈdɪʃn/danh từ

truyền thống

Some traditions disappear when young people move to the cities.

Tính từ: traditional. Hay đi với: keep a tradition alive.

custom/ˈkʌstəm/danh từ

phong tục

Giving lucky money at New Year is a custom that children love.

Khác customs (hải quan) ở sân bay.

traditional festivalCollocation

lễ hội truyền thống

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festival that families celebrate together.

art galleryCollocation

phòng trưng bày nghệ thuật

Free entry to art galleries encourages young people to explore the arts.

exhibition/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/danh từ

cuộc triển lãm

The museum held an exhibition of photographs from the early twentieth century.

Chữ h câm: /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/.

folk musicCollocation

nhạc dân gian

Folk music keeps old stories alive in rural communities.

sculpture/ˈskʌlptʃə/danh từ

tác phẩm điêu khắc

A huge bronze sculpture stands in the middle of the square.

pass downPhrasal verb

truyền lại (cho thế hệ sau)

Traditional recipes are often passed down from grandmother to granddaughter.

Thường dùng bị động: be passed down from ... to ...

creativity/ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/danh từ

sự sáng tạo

Art classes give children a chance to develop their creativity.

Tính từ: creative.

gallery/ˈɡæləri/danh từ

phòng trưng bày nghệ thuật

An unused railway office became a gallery where local painters could display their work.

Cụm: an art gallery; a commercial gallery.

an art gallery · a commercial gallery

museum/mjuˈziːəm/danh từ

bảo tàng

Our village museum records the lives of boat builders rather than kings and generals.

Cụm: a local museum; a history museum.

a local museum · a history museum

collection/kəˈlekʃn/danh từ

bộ sưu tập

The collection includes handwritten recipes that reveal how ordinary families ate during difficult years.

Cụm: a private collection; a permanent collection.

a private collection · a permanent collection

painting/ˈpeɪntɪŋ/danh từ

bức tranh vẽ

My favourite painting shows the riverside market before the concrete bridge was built.

Cụm: an oil painting; a landscape painting.

an oil painting · a landscape painting

theatre/ˈθɪətə/danh từ

nhà hát; nghệ thuật sân khấu

The theatre introduced cheap afternoon tickets so students could watch professional performances after class.

Cụm: a community theatre; live theatre.

a community theatre · live theatre

drama/ˈdrɑːmə/danh từ

kịch; nghệ thuật kịch

Studying drama gave my shy cousin a reason to speak confidently in front of strangers.

Cụm: a drama class; television drama.

a drama class · television drama

concert/ˈkɒnsət/danh từ

buổi hòa nhạc

We organised a concert in the school courtyard to raise money for replacement instruments.

Cụm: a charity concert; a live concert.

a charity concert · a live concert

classical musicCollocation

nhạc cổ điển

Cheap recordings allow people to explore classical music even when their town has no concert hall.

Music không đếm được; listen to classical music.

live musicCollocation

âm nhạc biểu diễn trực tiếp

The riverside café offers live music without amplifiers so nearby residents can still sleep.

Live ở đây đọc /laɪv/, khác động từ live /lɪv/.

festival/ˈfestɪvl/danh từ

lễ hội

Our annual festival now includes workshops where visitors learn the crafts behind the decorations.

Cụm: a cultural festival; a music festival.

a cultural festival · a music festival

fiction/ˈfɪkʃn/danh từ

văn học hư cấu

Reading fiction on the bus gives me a brief escape from the noise of the morning commute.

Cụm: historical fiction; science fiction.

historical fiction · science fiction

short storyCollocation

truyện ngắn

A short story fits my lunch break better than a novel that needs hours of uninterrupted reading.

Đếm được; số nhiều short stories.

translation/trænsˈleɪʃn/danh từ

bản dịch; việc dịch thuật

A sensitive translation preserves the humour of a dialogue even when the original wordplay cannot survive.

Cụm: a literary translation; a faithful translation.

a literary translation · a faithful translation

cinema/ˈsɪnəmə/danh từ

rạp chiếu phim; điện ảnh

The old cinema reopened with a programme of local documentaries rather than expensive action films.

Cụm: independent cinema; go to the cinema.

independent cinema · go to the cinema

director/dəˈrektə/danh từ

đạo diễn

The director asked the actors to rehearse in a real kitchen before filming the family scenes.

Cụm: a film director; a theatre director.

a film director · a theatre director

ceremony/ˈserəməni/danh từ

nghi lễ, buổi lễ

The opening ceremony included a performance by residents rather than a speech by every invited official.

Cụm: a wedding ceremony; an opening ceremony.

a wedding ceremony · an opening ceremony

perform/pəˈfɔːm/động từ

biểu diễn

Students will perform their own play in the village hall instead of copying a familiar television show.

Cụm: perform on stage; perform live.

perform on stage · perform live

architecture/ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/danh từ

kiến trúc

The town's architecture reflects its trading history through buildings designed for both storage and family life.

Cụm: traditional architecture; modern architecture.

traditional architecture · modern architecture

studio/ˈstjuːdiəʊ/danh từ

xưởng, phòng làm việc nghệ thuật

She shares a studio with two photographers because renting a private workspace would be too expensive.

Cụm: an artist's studio; a recording studio.

an artist's studio · a recording studio

audience/ˈɔːdiəns/danh từ

khán giả

The audience stayed for a discussion about housing after watching the play about urban redevelopment.

Cụm: a live audience; attract an audience.

a live audience · attract an audience

celebrate/ˈselɪbreɪt/động từ

tôn vinh, tổ chức mừng

The exhibition will celebrate ordinary craftspeople whose names rarely appear in books about national history.

Cụm: celebrate an achievement; celebrate cultural diversity.

celebrate an achievement · celebrate cultural diversity

cultural/ˈkʌltʃərəl/tính từ

thuộc về văn hóa

Shared cultural activities can bring neighbours together without requiring them to agree on every political issue.

Cụm: cultural heritage; cultural diversity.

cultural heritage · cultural diversity

creative/kriˈeɪtɪv/tính từ

sáng tạo

A creative solution turned the unused station into both a gallery and an affordable rehearsal room.

Cụm: creative thinking; a creative approach.

creative thinking · a creative approach

traditional/trəˈdɪʃənl/tính từ

truyền thống

Traditional instruments can appear in experimental music without losing the distinctive sounds that make them recognisable.

Cụm: traditional crafts; traditional music.

traditional crafts · traditional music

bring backPhrasal verb

khôi phục, đưa trở lại

Residents want to bring back the outdoor film screenings that once filled the village square.

Bring something back; có thể tách: bring it back.

cultural heritageCollocation

di sản văn hoá

Public funding helps small towns protect their cultural heritage.

Hay đi với: preserve/protect cultural heritage.

cultural identityCollocation

bản sắc văn hoá

Language is a key part of cultural identity.

preserve/prɪˈzɜːv/động từ

bảo tồn, gìn giữ

Governments should preserve historic buildings for future generations.

Danh từ: preservation.

masterpiece/ˈmɑːstəpiːs/danh từ

kiệt tác

The painting is considered a masterpiece of modern art.

performing artsCollocation

nghệ thuật biểu diễn

Schools should give the performing arts as much time as science.

cultural diversityCollocation

sự đa dạng văn hoá

Big cities benefit from cultural diversity in food, music and ideas.

arts fundingCollocation

kinh phí cho nghệ thuật

Cuts to arts funding have forced several small theatres to close.

contemporary artCollocation

nghệ thuật đương đại

Contemporary art often divides opinion among visitors.

ritual/ˈrɪtʃuəl/danh từ

nghi lễ, nghi thức

Wedding rituals vary greatly from one region to another.

lose touch withCụm từ

mất kết nối với

Young people who move abroad can lose touch with their roots.

Hay đi với: lose touch with your roots/friends.

film industryCollocation

ngành công nghiệp điện ảnh

The local film industry has grown thanks to streaming services.

appreciate/əˈpriːʃieɪt/động từ

trân trọng, cảm thụ

Visiting museums helps children appreciate art from different periods.

Danh từ: appreciation.

multicultural/ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/tính từ

đa văn hoá

Growing up in a multicultural city taught me to respect different beliefs.

the artsCollocation

các ngành nghệ thuật

Local councils can support the arts by letting young performers use empty public buildings.

Dùng the; chỉ chung âm nhạc, sân khấu, hội họa và các ngành sáng tạo.

fine artCollocation

mỹ thuật

She chose fine art rather than graphic design because she wanted to experiment with sculpture.

Thường không đếm được; phân biệt fine art với commercial art.

portrait/ˈpɔːtreɪt/danh từ

tranh hoặc ảnh chân dung

Instead of ordering a formal portrait, Grandma asked us to draw her while she cooked.

Cụm: a family portrait; paint a portrait.

a family portrait · paint a portrait

landscape paintingCollocation

tranh phong cảnh

The landscape painting above our sofa reminds my father of the valley where he grew up.

Landscape ở đây là phong cảnh; không phải khổ ảnh ngang.

abstract artCollocation

nghệ thuật trừu tượng

Abstract art became less intimidating once our teacher asked us to describe feelings rather than identify objects.

Abstract đối lập với figurative trong cách thể hiện hình ảnh.

folk artCollocation

nghệ thuật dân gian

Teaching folk art in schools can keep traditional skills alive without turning every lesson into a history lecture.

Không đếm được; folk chỉ truyền thống của cộng đồng.

world heritage siteCollocation

địa điểm di sản thế giới

Recognition as a world heritage site can bring visitors, but it also creates pressure to control construction.

Đếm được; recognition as a world heritage site.

monument/ˈmɒnjumənt/danh từ

công trình tưởng niệm hoặc di tích

Residents opposed moving the monument because it marked the spot where the old village began.

Cụm: a historic monument; preserve a monument.

a historic monument · preserve a monument

ruins/ˈruːɪnz/danh từ

tàn tích

Walking among the ruins helped me imagine a town that no longer appeared on modern maps.

Dạng số nhiều trong nghĩa này; the ruins of a temple.

rehearsal/rɪˈhɜːsl/danh từ

buổi diễn tập

During rehearsal, the actors discovered that the final scene worked better without background music.

Cụm: a dress rehearsal; a rehearsal schedule.

a dress rehearsal · a rehearsal schedule

opera/ˈɒprə/danh từ

nhạc kịch opera

I expected opera to feel distant, but the subtitles helped me follow the argument between the characters.

Cụm: an opera house; an opera singer.

an opera house · an opera singer

ballet/ˈbæleɪ/danh từ

múa ba lê

Taking ballet lessons taught her how much physical strength a graceful movement can require.

Cụm: a ballet dancer; a ballet company.

a ballet dancer · a ballet company

orchestra/ˈɔːkɪstrə/danh từ

dàn nhạc giao hưởng

The orchestra visited small towns where children rarely had the chance to hear live classical music.

Cụm: a symphony orchestra; conduct an orchestra.

a symphony orchestra · conduct an orchestra

choir/ˈkwaɪə/danh từ

dàn hợp xướng

Joining a choir helped my grandfather make friends after he moved away from his hometown.

Cụm: a community choir; sing in a choir.

a community choir · sing in a choir

carnival/ˈkɑːnɪvl/danh từ

lễ hội hóa trang, diễu hành

Children made costumes from old newspapers for the neighbourhood carnival instead of buying plastic outfits.

Cụm: a street carnival; a carnival parade.

a street carnival · a carnival parade

parade/pəˈreɪd/danh từ

cuộc diễu hành

The parade finished at the river, where each neighbourhood displayed its handmade lanterns.

Cụm: a street parade; a colourful parade.

a street parade · a colourful parade

literature/ˈlɪtrətʃə/danh từ

văn học

Translated literature lets readers encounter everyday lives that international news reports rarely describe.

Cụm: contemporary literature; children's literature.

contemporary literature · children's literature

novelist/ˈnɒvəlɪst/danh từ

tiểu thuyết gia

The novelist spent months interviewing factory workers before creating the family at the centre of her book.

Cụm: a historical novelist; an acclaimed novelist.

a historical novelist · an acclaimed novelist

poetry/ˈpəʊətri/danh từ

thơ ca

My mother remembers poetry from school because its rhythm stayed with her longer than the exam answers.

Cụm: read poetry; a poetry collection.

read poetry · a poetry collection

non-fiction/ˌnɒnˈfɪkʃn/danh từ

sách, văn viết về sự thật

I borrow non-fiction about local history because it helps me understand the streets around our house.

Cụm: narrative non-fiction; non-fiction books.

narrative non-fiction · non-fiction books

biography/baɪˈɒɡrəfi/danh từ

tiểu sử do người khác viết

The biography describes the painter's financial struggles as carefully as it discusses her famous pictures.

Cụm: an authorised biography; write a biography.

an authorised biography · write a biography

bestseller/ˌbestˈselə/danh từ

sách bán chạy

A bestseller can bring new readers into bookshops, but sales alone do not establish literary quality.

Cụm: an international bestseller; become a bestseller.

an international bestseller · become a bestseller

feature filmCollocation

phim truyện dài

Her first feature film follows a delivery rider through a single rainy night in the city.

Đếm được; thường đối lập với short film.

cast/kɑːst/danh từ

dàn diễn viên

A mixed-age cast made the story about a changing neighbourhood feel more convincing.

Cụm: the supporting cast; an ensemble cast.

the supporting cast · an ensemble cast

box officeCollocation

phòng vé; doanh thu bán vé

Strong reviews did not guarantee success at the box office for the quietly paced family drama.

At the box office thường nói về kết quả bán vé.

blockbuster/ˈblɒkbʌstə/danh từ

phim bom tấn

A summer blockbuster may fill screens while smaller films struggle to find convenient showing times.

Cụm: a Hollywood blockbuster; a blockbuster film.

a Hollywood blockbuster · a blockbuster film

film festivalCollocation

liên hoan phim

A regional film festival can introduce audiences to directors who rarely receive commercial distribution.

Cụm: host a film festival; a documentary film festival.

critic/ˈkrɪtɪk/danh từ

nhà phê bình

One critic praised the acting but questioned whether the ending treated poverty too romantically.

Cụm: a film critic; a theatre critic.

a film critic · a theatre critic

sequel/ˈsiːkwəl/danh từ

phần tiếp theo của tác phẩm

The sequel gives a minor character from the first film a much more complicated personal history.

Cụm: a film sequel; a sequel to a novel.

a film sequel · a sequel to a novel

soundtrack/ˈsaʊndtræk/danh từ

nhạc nền, phần âm thanh của phim

Its soundtrack uses street sounds instead of songs to create a sense of everyday city life.

Cụm: an original soundtrack; a film soundtrack.

an original soundtrack · a film soundtrack

special effectsCollocation

hiệu ứng đặc biệt

Convincing special effects cannot rescue a film if viewers have no reason to care about its characters.

Dạng số nhiều; practical effects dùng kỹ thuật vật lý tại trường quay.

animation/ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn/danh từ

hoạt hình; kỹ thuật làm hoạt hình

Simple animation helped the museum explain how the ancient irrigation system carried water to farms.

Cụm: computer animation; stop-motion animation.

computer animation · stop-motion animation

legend/ˈledʒənd/danh từ

truyền thuyết

A village legend links the nearby lake to a traveller who never returned from the mountains.

Cụm: an ancient legend; a local legend.

an ancient legend · a local legend

myth/mɪθ/danh từ

thần thoại

Our teacher compared a creation myth with modern explanations of how people understand their origins.

Cụm: a creation myth; ancient myths.

a creation myth · ancient myths

dress codeCollocation

quy định về trang phục

Visitors should check the dress code before entering a religious building rather than assume beachwear is acceptable.

Đếm được; follow a dress code.

national costumeCollocation

trang phục truyền thống dân tộc

Wearing a national costume at an international event can express pride without defining an entire culture.

Costume ở đây không mang nghĩa trang phục hóa trang.

national identityCollocation

bản sắc dân tộc, quốc gia

National identity can include several languages and traditions rather than a single shared way of life.

Cụm: a sense of national identity; shape national identity.

culture shockCollocation

cú sốc văn hóa

My culture shock came from silent bus journeys rather than unfamiliar food when I first studied abroad.

Thường không đếm được; experience culture shock.

stereotype/ˈsteriətaɪp/danh từ

khuôn mẫu định kiến

Films can reinforce a stereotype when every character from one community has the same occupation.

Cụm: a cultural stereotype; challenge a stereotype.

a cultural stereotype · challenge a stereotype

popular cultureCollocation

văn hóa đại chúng

Studying popular culture can reveal public anxieties that official political speeches carefully avoid.

Thường không đếm được; có thể viết tắt pop culture.

exhibit/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/động từ

trưng bày

Local photographers can exhibit their work in the library without paying the fees charged by private galleries.

Cụm: exhibit artwork; exhibit at a gallery.

exhibit artwork · exhibit at a gallery

compose/kəmˈpəʊz/động từ

sáng tác nhạc

She wants to compose a piece using the rhythms she hears at the morning fish market.

Cụm: compose music; compose a symphony.

compose music · compose a symphony

rehearse/rɪˈhɜːs/động từ

tập dượt

The dancers rehearse in a borrowed classroom because their neighbourhood has no dedicated performance space.

Cụm: rehearse a scene; rehearse for a performance.

rehearse a scene · rehearse for a performance

adapt/əˈdæpt/động từ

chuyển thể

To adapt the novel for radio, the writer had to replace visual descriptions with convincing dialogue.

Cụm: adapt a novel for television; adapt for the stage.

adapt a novel for television · adapt for the stage

craft/krɑːft/danh từ

nghề thủ công; kỹ năng thủ công

Learning a traditional craft gives visitors a reason to stay longer than a quick photograph.

Cụm: a traditional craft; learn a craft.

a traditional craft · learn a craft

pottery/ˈpɒtəri/danh từ

đồ gốm; nghề làm gốm

The village pottery workshop lets children make imperfect cups before showing them professional techniques.

Cụm: a pottery workshop; handmade pottery.

a pottery workshop · handmade pottery

grant/ɡrɑːnt/danh từ

khoản tài trợ

A small grant paid for recording equipment so village musicians could preserve their songs.

Cụm: an arts grant; apply for a grant.

an arts grant · apply for a grant

venue/ˈvenjuː/danh từ

địa điểm tổ chức sự kiện

The new venue has step-free access so performers and audience members can enter through the same doors.

Cụm: a concert venue; a performance venue.

a concert venue · a performance venue

applause/əˈplɔːz/danh từ

tiếng vỗ tay tán thưởng

Warm applause greeted the children's performance even after a cardboard mountain collapsed halfway through.

Cụm: enthusiastic applause; a round of applause.

enthusiastic applause · a round of applause

interval/ˈɪntəvl/danh từ

giờ nghỉ giữa buổi biểu diễn

During the interval, we discussed why the director had moved the story into the present day.

Cụm: a short interval; during the interval.

a short interval · during the interval

ticket salesCollocation

doanh số bán vé

Poor ticket sales forced the theatre to shorten its season despite positive reviews from local newspapers.

Dạng số nhiều; boost hoặc increase ticket sales.

inherit/ɪnˈherɪt/động từ

thừa hưởng

Young artists can inherit traditional techniques without being obliged to reproduce exactly what their grandparents made.

Cụm: inherit a tradition; inherit something from someone.

inherit a tradition · inherit something from someone

imitate/ˈɪmɪteɪt/động từ

bắt chước

Beginners often imitate a favourite singer before developing the confidence to perform in their own style.

Cụm: imitate a style; imitate someone's voice.

imitate a style · imitate someone's voice

sponsor/ˈspɒnsə/động từ

tài trợ

Businesses may sponsor community performances, but their logos should not overwhelm the work being presented.

Cụm: sponsor an event; sponsor a festival.

sponsor an event · sponsor a festival

illustrate/ˈɪləstreɪt/động từ

vẽ minh họa

She used photographs of her grandmother's street to illustrate a children's story about a disappearing neighbourhood.

Cụm: illustrate a book; illustrate a story.

illustrate a book · illustrate a story

sketch/sketʃ/động từ

phác họa

I sketch people waiting at bus stops because their postures reveal more than carefully arranged portraits.

Cụm: sketch a scene; sketch from life.

sketch a scene · sketch from life

artistic/ɑːˈtɪstɪk/tính từ

thuộc nghệ thuật, có tính nghệ thuật

Her artistic talent became visible when a teacher gave her access to materials beyond pencils and paper.

Cụm: artistic expression; artistic talent.

artistic expression · artistic talent

contemporary/kənˈtempərəri/tính từ

đương đại

The museum places contemporary photographs beside old maps so visitors can compare different ways of representing the city.

Cụm: contemporary art; contemporary culture.

contemporary art · contemporary culture

hand downPhrasal verb

truyền lại cho thế hệ sau

Artisans hand down their techniques through shared work, not just through written instructions or formal lessons.

Hand something down to someone; có thể tách: hand it down.

fade awayPhrasal verb

dần biến mất

A language may fade away when children understand their grandparents but no longer learn to speak it.

Không có tân ngữ trực tiếp; fade away gradually.

keep upPhrasal verb

duy trì

The village needs new volunteers to keep up its tradition of free performances during the harvest festival.

Keep something up: duy trì; khác keep up with là theo kịp.

look back onPhrasal verb

nhìn lại, hồi tưởng

Older performers look back on the travelling theatre days with affection despite remembering the uncomfortable journeys.

Look back on something; thường kèm with pride/affection/regret.

sell outPhrasal verb

bán hết vé hoặc hàng

Small venues can sell out quickly when a popular singer returns to perform in their hometown.

The tickets sell out; an event sells out; sell-out là dạng danh từ/tính từ.

take offPhrasal verb

bắt đầu thành công nhanh chóng

Her pottery business began to take off after visitors shared photographs of the unusual river-shaped bowls.

Nghĩa bóng trong kinh doanh, sự nghiệp; không có tân ngữ ở nghĩa này.

art collectorCollocation

nhà sưu tập nghệ thuật

An art collector lent several paintings to the school so pupils could study original works closely.

Đếm được; khác artist là người sáng tác.

poetry readingCollocation

buổi đọc thơ

The poetry reading attracted teenagers when the library invited them to perform their own writing.

Đếm được khi chỉ sự kiện; attend a poetry reading.

street performerCollocation

nghệ sĩ biểu diễn đường phố

A street performer transformed the busy pavement into a temporary stage using only chalk and a violin.

Đếm được; busker thường chỉ người biểu diễn để nhận tiền tự nguyện.

behind the scenesCụm từ

ở hậu trường, phía sau sự việc

Volunteers worked behind the scenes repairing costumes while the young performers practised their final dance.

Không gạch nối khi làm trạng ngữ; behind-the-scenes đứng trước danh từ.

assimilate/əˈsɪməleɪt/động từ

hoà nhập, đồng hoá

Immigrants often assimilate into a new culture while keeping some traditions.

assimilate INTO a culture. Danh từ: assimilation.

westernisation/ˌwestənaɪˈzeɪʃn/danh từ

sự Tây hoá

Some older people worry that westernisation is changing local values.

craftsmanship/ˈkrɑːftsmənʃɪp/danh từ

tay nghề thủ công

Handmade pottery shows a level of craftsmanship that machines cannot copy.

artefact/ˈɑːtɪfækt/danh từ

hiện vật (lịch sử, khảo cổ)

Museums should return stolen artefacts to their countries of origin.

Anh-Mỹ: artifact.

historical significanceCollocation

ý nghĩa lịch sử

The old fort has great historical significance for the town.

Phân biệt: historic (có tầm quan trọng lịch sử) và historical (thuộc về lịch sử).

visual artsCollocation

nghệ thuật thị giác

Photography brought me into the visual arts before I became interested in painting.

Dạng số nhiều; gồm hội họa, nhiếp ảnh, điêu khắc.

curator/kjʊəˈreɪtə/danh từ

người phụ trách bộ sưu tập bảo tàng

A curator explained why the damaged bowl mattered more than the expensive vase beside it.

Cụm: a museum curator; an exhibition curator.

a museum curator · an exhibition curator

still lifeCollocation

tranh tĩnh vật

For her first still life, my sister arranged three cracked cups beside a ripe mango.

Đếm được khi chỉ tác phẩm; số nhiều: still lifes.

installation/ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn/danh từ

tác phẩm nghệ thuật sắp đặt

Visitors walked through an installation made from fishing nets collected along the coast.

Cụm: an art installation; an interactive installation.

an art installation · an interactive installation

intangible heritageCollocation

di sản phi vật thể

Recording lullabies protects intangible heritage that cannot be preserved simply by repairing old buildings.

Heritage không đếm được; gồm tri thức, kỹ năng, phong tục.

restoration/ˌrestəˈreɪʃn/danh từ

việc trùng tu

Careful restoration revealed faded patterns beneath the dark varnish on the wooden screen.

Cụm: building restoration; a restoration project.

building restoration · a restoration project

playwright/ˈpleɪraɪt/danh từ

nhà viết kịch

A young playwright turned interviews with market traders into a play about the changing city.

Cụm: a contemporary playwright; an established playwright.

a contemporary playwright · an established playwright

symphony/ˈsɪmfəni/danh từ

bản giao hưởng

Hearing the symphony in a crowded hall felt completely different from listening through my phone.

Cụm: compose a symphony; perform a symphony.

compose a symphony · perform a symphony

recital/rɪˈsaɪtl/danh từ

buổi độc tấu hoặc biểu diễn nhỏ

Her first piano recital took place in the library with relatives sitting between the bookshelves.

Cụm: a piano recital; give a recital.

a piano recital · give a recital

prose/prəʊz/danh từ

văn xuôi

Clear prose can describe a complicated emotion without relying on elaborate language or unusual vocabulary.

Cụm: literary prose; write in prose.

literary prose · write in prose

autobiography/ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/danh từ

tự truyện

Writing an autobiography encouraged my grandfather to record experiences he had never discussed with his children.

Cụm: publish an autobiography; a political autobiography.

publish an autobiography · a political autobiography

memoir/ˈmemwɑː/danh từ

hồi ký

Her memoir focuses on one difficult childhood summer rather than attempting to cover her entire life.

Cụm: a childhood memoir; publish a memoir.

a childhood memoir · publish a memoir

anthology/ænˈθɒlədʒi/danh từ

tuyển tập tác phẩm

Students compiled an anthology of poems in the languages spoken by families at their school.

Cụm: a poetry anthology; an anthology of stories.

a poetry anthology · an anthology of stories

literary criticismCollocation

phê bình văn học

Good literary criticism can reveal a novel's assumptions without reducing it to a simple moral lesson.

Criticism ở đây là phân tích, đánh giá; không nhất thiết là chê bai.

screenplay/ˈskriːnpleɪ/danh từ

kịch bản phim

The screenplay leaves long silences between conversations so viewers can notice the characters' discomfort.

Cụm: an original screenplay; write a screenplay.

an original screenplay · write a screenplay

art-house filmCollocation

phim nghệ thuật

The local club screens an art-house film each month and invites viewers to discuss it afterwards.

Đếm được; thường hướng tới giá trị nghệ thuật hơn thị trường đại chúng.

premiere/ˈpremieə/danh từ

buổi công chiếu đầu tiên

At the premiere, the film crew sat beside the residents whose stories had inspired the script.

Cụm: a world premiere; attend a premiere.

a world premiere · attend a premiere

adaptation/ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/danh từ

tác phẩm chuyển thể

The television adaptation moves the novel's rural setting into a crowded modern apartment building.

Cụm: a screen adaptation; a stage adaptation.

a screen adaptation · a stage adaptation

folklore/ˈfəʊklɔː/danh từ

văn hóa, truyện kể dân gian

Stories in local folklore sometimes explain why a particular tree or river is treated with respect.

Cụm: local folklore; a folklore tradition.

local folklore · a folklore tradition

superstition/ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃn/danh từ

niềm tin mê tín

One family superstition prevents us from cutting our nails late at night, although nobody remembers why.

Cụm: an old superstition; popular superstition.

an old superstition · popular superstition

taboo/təˈbuː/danh từ

điều cấm kỵ

Discussing household debt remains a taboo in some families, making it harder to seek help.

Cụm: a social taboo; break a taboo.

a social taboo · break a taboo

etiquette/ˈetɪket/danh từ

quy tắc ứng xử, phép xã giao

Learning dining etiquette helped the exchange students feel less anxious about their first formal meal.

Cụm: dining etiquette; business etiquette.

dining etiquette · business etiquette

place of worshipCollocation

nơi thờ tự

A place of worship should remain accessible to local believers even when it becomes a tourist attraction.

Số nhiều: places of worship.

pilgrimage/ˈpɪlɡrɪmɪdʒ/danh từ

cuộc hành hương

The annual pilgrimage brings distant relatives together, although each generation understands its religious meaning differently.

Cụm: go on a pilgrimage; a pilgrimage site.

go on a pilgrimage · a pilgrimage site

multiculturalism/ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəlɪzəm/danh từ

chủ trương cùng tồn tại nhiều nền văn hóa

Multiculturalism requires more than colourful festivals if minority communities cannot influence decisions affecting their lives.

Không đếm được; tính từ multicultural.

assimilation/əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/danh từ

sự đồng hóa văn hóa

Pressure for complete assimilation may make migrant children feel ashamed of speaking their parents' language.

Cụm: cultural assimilation; assimilation into society.

cultural assimilation · assimilation into society

integration/ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/danh từ

sự hòa nhập

Language classes can support integration while still respecting the traditions that newcomers bring with them.

Cụm: social integration; integration into society.

social integration · integration into society

cultural appropriationCollocation

sự sử dụng văn hóa khác theo cách chiếm dụng

Debates about cultural appropriation often concern who profits when traditional designs enter the fashion industry.

Không đồng nghĩa với mọi hình thức trao đổi văn hóa; ngữ cảnh và quyền lợi cộng đồng rất quan trọng.

cultural normCollocation

chuẩn mực văn hóa

A cultural norm about greeting elders may feel obvious locally but require explanation to a newcomer.

Đếm được; số nhiều cultural norms.

subculture/ˈsʌbkʌltʃə/danh từ

tiểu văn hóa trong một cộng đồng lớn

The city's skateboarding subculture has its own meeting places, clothing styles and informal rules.

Cụm: a youth subculture; an urban subculture.

a youth subculture · an urban subculture

high cultureCollocation

văn hóa nghệ thuật bác học

Public funding should not favour high culture so heavily that community arts lose all their venues.

Nhãn phân loại có tính tranh luận; thường chỉ nghệ thuật được giới tinh hoa coi trọng.

curate/kjʊəˈreɪt/động từ

tuyển chọn, tổ chức nội dung trưng bày

Residents helped curate an exhibition about the market rather than leaving every decision to outside researchers.

Cụm: curate an exhibition; curate a collection.

curate an exhibition · curate a collection

improvise/ˈɪmprəvaɪz/động từ

ứng tác

Actors learned to improvise when the power failed and the recorded sound effects suddenly stopped.

Cụm: improvise a scene; improvise on a theme.

improvise a scene · improvise on a theme

portray/pɔːˈtreɪ/động từ

khắc họa, thể hiện nhân vật

The film tries to portray rural teenagers as individuals rather than symbols of an innocent countryside.

Cụm: portray a character; portray someone as something.

portray a character · portray someone as something

depict/dɪˈpɪkt/động từ

miêu tả, thể hiện bằng hình ảnh

These murals depict the factory workers who shaped the district but rarely appear in tourist brochures.

Cụm: depict a scene; vividly depict.

depict a scene · vividly depict

safeguard/ˈseɪfɡɑːd/động từ

bảo vệ, gìn giữ

Recording traditional songs can safeguard their melodies, but singers still need opportunities to teach younger people.

Cụm: safeguard heritage; safeguard a tradition.

safeguard heritage · safeguard a tradition

commemorate/kəˈmeməreɪt/động từ

tưởng niệm, kỷ niệm

Residents planted a riverside garden to commemorate the people who had rebuilt the village after flooding.

Cụm: commemorate an event; commemorate a life.

commemorate an event · commemorate a life

revive/rɪˈvaɪv/động từ

khôi phục, làm sống lại

Weekend workshops helped revive an embroidery tradition that few young residents had previously learned.

Cụm: revive a tradition; revive interest in something.

revive a tradition · revive interest in something

artisan/ˌɑːtɪˈzæn/danh từ

người thợ thủ công lành nghề

An artisan showed us how uneven pressure can change the shape of a clay bowl.

Cụm: a skilled artisan; a local artisan.

a skilled artisan · a local artisan

ceramics/səˈræmɪks/danh từ

đồ gốm sứ; nghệ thuật gốm

Her ceramics combine traditional glazes with shapes inspired by modern apartment buildings.

Dạng số nhiều khi chỉ các sản phẩm; ngành nghệ thuật ceramics thường dùng như tên môn.

weaving/ˈwiːvɪŋ/danh từ

nghề dệt, việc dệt

Teaching weaving takes patience because patterns that look simple may involve hundreds of carefully repeated movements.

Cụm: traditional weaving; basket weaving.

traditional weaving · basket weaving

embroidery/ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/danh từ

nghề thêu; hoa văn thêu

The embroidery on her jacket records symbols that her grandmother learned from an earlier generation.

Cụm: hand embroidery; intricate embroidery.

hand embroidery · intricate embroidery

calligraphy/kəˈlɪɡrəfi/danh từ

thư pháp

A calligraphy class taught me to notice spacing and movement rather than focus only on the finished words.

Cụm: traditional calligraphy; practise calligraphy.

traditional calligraphy · practise calligraphy

architectural styleCollocation

phong cách kiến trúc

One architectural style should not be imposed on every new building in a historically diverse neighbourhood.

Cụm: a distinctive architectural style; mix architectural styles.

sound archiveCollocation

kho lưu trữ âm thanh

The sound archive contains interviews with street vendors whose calls have disappeared from the city centre.

Đếm được; archive có thể chỉ kho vật lý hoặc kỹ thuật số.

manuscript/ˈmænjuskrɪpt/danh từ

bản thảo; bản viết tay

A damaged manuscript revealed that the novelist had originally given the story a completely different ending.

Cụm: an original manuscript; a handwritten manuscript.

an original manuscript · a handwritten manuscript

inscription/ɪnˈskrɪpʃn/danh từ

dòng chữ khắc

The inscription above the doorway names the families who contributed money to build the hall.

Cụm: an ancient inscription; an inscription on stone.

an ancient inscription · an inscription on stone

mosaic/məʊˈzeɪɪk/danh từ

tranh ghép mảnh

Children designed a mosaic using broken tiles donated by residents who were renovating their homes.

Cụm: a tile mosaic; a floor mosaic.

a tile mosaic · a floor mosaic

fresco/ˈfreskəʊ/danh từ

tranh vẽ trên vữa còn ướt

Restoring the fresco required controlling moisture as carefully as repairing the damaged colours.

Đếm được; số nhiều frescos hoặc frescoes.

patron/ˈpeɪtrən/danh từ

người bảo trợ nghệ thuật

A wealthy patron funded the exhibition but allowed the artists to choose their own subjects.

Cụm: a patron of the arts; a generous patron.

a patron of the arts · a generous patron

endowment/ɪnˈdaʊmənt/danh từ

khoản tài trợ lập quỹ lâu dài

The endowment provides a steady income that helps the museum plan beyond the next tourist season.

Cụm: an endowment fund; a charitable endowment.

an endowment fund · a charitable endowment

artist residencyCollocation

chương trình lưu trú sáng tác cho nghệ sĩ

An artist residency gave the sculptor space to experiment without immediately worrying about selling each piece.

Đếm được; artist-in-residence là nghệ sĩ tham gia chương trình.

rehearsal spaceCollocation

không gian tập luyện biểu diễn

An affordable rehearsal space matters more to young bands than another prestigious awards ceremony.

Space có thể đếm được khi chỉ một địa điểm cụ thể.

auditorium/ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːriəm/danh từ

khán phòng

The auditorium was designed so a speaker could be heard clearly without powerful amplification.

Cụm: a school auditorium; a packed auditorium.

a school auditorium · a packed auditorium

stage setCollocation

bối cảnh, phông cảnh sân khấu

The stage set used movable wooden boxes to suggest both a train carriage and a family kitchen.

Đếm được; thiết kế bối cảnh là set design.

costume designCollocation

thiết kế phục trang

Her costume design showed the family's declining wealth through repairs and faded colours rather than obvious labels.

Không đếm được khi nói về lĩnh vực; costume designer là người thiết kế.

lighting designCollocation

thiết kế ánh sáng

Subtle lighting design helped audiences distinguish memories from events happening in the present.

Lighting không đếm được; khác light chỉ một nguồn sáng.

repertoire/ˈrepətwɑː/danh từ

vốn tiết mục biểu diễn

The choir expanded its repertoire to include songs brought by recently arrived migrant families.

Cụm: a broad repertoire; expand a repertoire.

a broad repertoire · expand a repertoire

standing ovationCollocation

sự đứng dậy vỗ tay hoan nghênh

The retired dancer received a standing ovation when she returned to perform with her former students.

Đếm được; receive hoặc give a standing ovation.

encore/ˈɒŋkɔː/danh từ

tiết mục diễn thêm theo yêu cầu

For the encore, the musicians played the lullaby that several audience members had requested.

Cụm: perform an encore; call for an encore.

perform an encore · call for an encore

matinee/ˈmætɪneɪ/danh từ

suất diễn, suất chiếu buổi chiều

The cheaper matinee allowed our whole class to watch the play without missing the last bus home.

Cụm: a Saturday matinee; a matinee performance.

a Saturday matinee · a matinee performance

cultural policyCollocation

chính sách văn hóa

An inclusive cultural policy should consider village musicians as well as major national institutions.

Đếm được khi nói về một chính sách; không đếm được khi chỉ lĩnh vực.

oral traditionCollocation

truyền thống truyền miệng

An oral tradition survives through repeated storytelling, not simply through recordings stored in a distant archive.

Cụm: preserve an oral tradition; a rich oral tradition.

observe/əbˈzɜːv/động từ

tuân giữ, thực hành phong tục

Some families observe traditional mourning customs even when younger members no longer share the same religious beliefs.

Cụm: observe a tradition; observe a religious holiday.

observe a tradition · observe a religious holiday

narrate/nəˈreɪt/động từ

kể chuyện, đọc lời dẫn

A retired boat builder will narrate the documentary using memories recorded in his own workshop.

Cụm: narrate a story; narrate a documentary.

narrate a story · narrate a documentary

choreograph/ˈkɒriəɡrɑːf/động từ

biên đạo múa

The dancers helped choreograph a piece based on movements they remembered from working in the fields.

Cụm: choreograph a dance; choreograph a performance.

choreograph a dance · choreograph a performance

weave/wiːv/động từ

dệt, đan

Visitors can learn to weave a small basket before watching the artisans make much larger storage containers.

Cụm: weave a basket; weave cloth.

weave a basket · weave cloth

avant-garde/ˌævɒŋˈɡɑːd/tính từ

tiên phong, thể nghiệm mới lạ

The avant-garde performance used moving shadows instead of actors to tell its story about migration.

Cụm: avant-garde art; an avant-garde movement.

avant-garde art · an avant-garde movement

iconic/aɪˈkɒnɪk/tính từ

mang tính biểu tượng

The iconic riverside theatre appears on postcards, although many residents have never attended a performance there.

Cụm: an iconic building; an iconic image.

an iconic building · an iconic image

timeless/ˈtaɪmləs/tính từ

vượt thời gian, không lỗi thời

Its timeless appeal comes from the honest family conflict rather than costumes or fashionable special effects.

Cụm: timeless appeal; a timeless classic.

timeless appeal · a timeless classic

commercialised/kəˈmɜːʃəlaɪzd/tính từ

bị thương mại hóa

The commercialised festival now sells imported souvenirs while the original local crafts receive little attention.

Viết theo Anh; dạng Mỹ commercialized.

indigenous/ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/tính từ

bản địa

Museums should work with indigenous communities when deciding how to display objects taken from their ancestors.

Cụm: indigenous communities; indigenous languages.

indigenous communities · indigenous languages

ancestral/ænˈsestrəl/tính từ

thuộc về tổ tiên

Returning to the ancestral village helped her understand customs that had seemed strange during childhood abroad.

Cụm: an ancestral home; ancestral traditions.

an ancestral home · ancestral traditions

ceremonial/ˌserɪˈməʊniəl/tính từ

dùng trong nghi lễ

The ceremonial drum is brought out for village celebrations rather than played at ordinary evening gatherings.

Cụm: ceremonial dress; a ceremonial role.

ceremonial dress · a ceremonial role

secular/ˈsekjələ/tính từ

thế tục, không thuộc tôn giáo

A secular community centre can host cultural activities for residents from several different religious backgrounds.

Cụm: a secular society; secular music.

a secular society · secular music

sacred/ˈseɪkrɪd/tính từ

thiêng liêng, linh thiêng

Tourists should ask before photographing sacred objects instead of assuming that everything on display is merely decorative.

Cụm: a sacred site; a sacred object.

a sacred site · a sacred object

mainstream/ˈmeɪnstriːm/tính từ

thuộc dòng chủ lưu, phổ biến

Mainstream television rarely shows the small experimental performances that attract audiences in converted warehouses.

Cụm: mainstream culture; mainstream media.

mainstream culture · mainstream media

capture the imaginationCollocation

khơi dậy trí tưởng tượng, cuốn hút

Stories about the abandoned railway capture the imagination of children who have only travelled by road.

Capture the imagination of someone; cũng dùng capture someone's imagination.

draw onPhrasal verb

vận dụng, lấy cảm hứng từ

Young designers draw on local weaving traditions while creating clothes suited to everyday urban life.

Draw on experience, knowledge hoặc traditions.

cultural institutionCollocation

thiết chế, tổ chức văn hóa

A cultural institution should explain whose history it preserves and whose voices remain absent from its exhibitions.

Đếm được; có thể chỉ bảo tàng, thư viện, nhà hát…

a melting potThành ngữ

nơi giao thoa, hòa trộn nhiều nền văn hóa

The harbour district became a melting pot as traders settled there and opened shops beside local families.

Ẩn dụ thường chỉ nơi nhiều cộng đồng văn hóa cùng sinh sống.

stand the test of timeThành ngữ

giữ được giá trị qua thời gian

The play may stand the test of time because its family tensions feel familiar across generations.

Dùng cho tác phẩm, ý tưởng hoặc sản phẩm có giá trị bền vững.

steal the showThành ngữ

trở thành điểm nổi bật nhất

Nobody expected the school caretaker to steal the show with a comic song during the anniversary concert.

Thường chỉ người hoặc tiết mục được chú ý, yêu thích nhất.

a household nameThành ngữ

tên tuổi được đông đảo mọi người biết đến

Winning a televised singing contest made the village music teacher a household name almost overnight.

Become a household name; không nhất thiết có tiếng tốt.

a labour of loveThành ngữ

công việc làm vì đam mê, tình cảm

Restoring the village cinema became a labour of love for volunteers who remembered going there as children.

Labour theo Anh; thường nói be a labour of love.

break new groundThành ngữ

mở ra hướng đi mới

A museum can break new ground by allowing residents to challenge the stories told in its permanent displays.

Dùng cho đổi mới; không phải nghĩa đen đào đất.

the jewel in the crownThành ngữ

phần quý giá, nổi bật nhất

Visitors call the restored wooden theatre the jewel in the crown of our village heritage trail.

Thường đi với of khi chỉ một tổng thể lớn hơn.