Từ vựng IELTS chủ đề Family (Gia đình)

generation gapCollocation

khoảng cách thế hệ

Technology has widened the generation gap in many families.

Hay đi với: bridge/widen the generation gap.

sibling/ˈsɪblɪŋ/danh từ

anh chị em ruột

Growing up with siblings teaches children to share and compromise.

Trang trọng; Speaking hay nói brothers and sisters.

bring upPhrasal verb

nuôi dạy (con cái)

Grandparents often help to bring up children while both parents work.

be brought up BY someone. Danh từ liên quan: upbringing.

role modelCollocation

tấm gương để noi theo

Parents are the first role models that children copy.

get along withPhrasal verb

hoà hợp với

I get along with my younger brother much better now that we are adults.

Anh-Anh cũng dùng get on with.

household choresCollocation

việc nhà

Sharing household chores teaches children responsibility.

Hay đi với: do/share the household chores.

spoil/spɔɪl/động từ

chiều hư (trẻ con)

Giving children everything they ask for may spoil them.

Tính từ: spoilt/spoiled (bị chiều hư).

independent/ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/tính từ

tự lập, độc lập

Teenagers who do part-time jobs often become independent sooner.

independent OF someone. Danh từ: independence.

take afterPhrasal verb

giống (bố, mẹ, người thân)

I take after my father; we are both quiet and patient.

Hợp Speaking Part 1 khi nói về gia đình.

marriage/ˈmærɪdʒ/danh từ

hôn nhân

Many young people now delay marriage until they have a stable career.

quality timeCollocation

thời gian chất lượng bên nhau

Busy parents should still find quality time to spend with their children.

lifelong friendCollocation

người bạn suốt đời

I met my lifelong friend on my first day at primary school.

look afterPhrasal verb

chăm sóc

Adult children are expected to look after their ageing parents.

only childCollocation

con một

Being an only child, I had my parents' full attention but often wished I had someone to play with.

Đếm được: an only child. Không nói “a single child” với nghĩa này.

twin/twɪn/danh từ

(một trong hai đứa trẻ) sinh đôi

My mother is a twin, and even now people at the market mix her up with her sister.

Đếm được. identical twins = sinh đôi cùng trứng.

identical twins · twin sister · twin brother

mother-in-law/ˈmʌðərɪnlɔː/danh từ

mẹ chồng, mẹ vợ

Tension between a wife and her mother-in-law is a common theme in Vietnamese television dramas.

Số nhiều: mothers-in-law (thêm s vào mother).

future mother-in-law

grandparent/ˈɡrænpeərənt/danh từ

ông hoặc bà

Having a grandparent at home means children always have someone to tell them stories after school.

Thường dùng số nhiều: grandparents. Âm d thường không đọc.

maternal grandparent · paternal grandparent

relative/ˈrelətɪv/danh từ

họ hàng, người thân

During Tet, we visit every relative on both sides of the family, which can take almost a week.

Đếm được. Đồng nghĩa: relation.

close relative · distant relative · elderly relative

babysitter/ˈbeɪbisɪtə/danh từ

người trông trẻ (thuê theo giờ)

We hired a teenage babysitter from next door so we could have dinner out on our anniversary.

Đếm được. Động từ: babysit.

hire a babysitter · find a babysitter

wedding/ˈwedɪŋ/danh từ

đám cưới, lễ cưới

A traditional wedding in the countryside can last two days and involve hundreds of guests.

Phân biệt: wedding (lễ cưới) và marriage (cuộc hôn nhân).

wedding ceremony · wedding reception · attend a wedding

honeymoon/ˈhʌnimuːn/danh từ

tuần trăng mật

Instead of an expensive honeymoon abroad, they spent a quiet week in Da Lat.

go on honeymoon. Nghĩa bóng: honeymoon period = giai đoạn đầu êm đẹp.

go on honeymoon · honeymoon period

partner/ˈpɑːtnə/danh từ

bạn đời, người yêu (thường sống chung)

More couples now live with a partner for years before deciding whether to get married.

Trung tính: dùng cho vợ, chồng hoặc người yêu sống chung, không phân biệt giới.

long-term partner · life partner

divorce/dɪˈvɔːs/danh từ

sự ly hôn

A bitter divorce can affect children's schoolwork for years, especially when parents fight over money.

get a divorce = get divorced. Cũng là động từ: divorce sb.

get a divorce · file for divorce · divorce rate

relationship/rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/danh từ

mối quan hệ

Spending one evening a week without phones has improved my relationship with my teenage son.

relationship with sb; relationship between A and B.

close relationship · build a relationship

argument/ˈɑːɡjumənt/danh từ

cuộc tranh cãi

An argument about washing the dishes revealed how unevenly the household chores had been shared.

Cụm: have an argument; an argument about money.

have an argument · an argument about money

teenager/ˈtiːneɪdʒə/danh từ

người từ 13 đến 19 tuổi

As a teenager, I wanted more privacy but still relied on my parents for reassurance.

Cụm: a young teenager; a rebellious teenager.

a young teenager · a rebellious teenager

old ageCollocation

tuổi già

Preparing financially for old age matters, but maintaining friendships is equally important for well-being.

Không dùng the khi nói chung; in old age.

family nameCollocation

họ của một người

Sharing a family name does not necessarily mean two people belong to the same extended family.

Gần nghĩa surname; phân biệt với given name là tên riêng.

raise/reɪz/động từ

nuôi dạy

Parents who raise children alone often depend on neighbours for practical help during working hours.

Cụm: raise a child; raise a family.

raise a child · raise a family

praise/preɪz/động từ

khen ngợi

Teachers can praise effort without suggesting that children must achieve perfect marks to deserve affection.

Cụm: praise someone for something; praise an effort.

praise someone for something · praise an effort

obey/əˈbeɪ/động từ

vâng lời, tuân theo

Children learn to obey safety rules more willingly when adults explain the reasons behind them.

Theo sau trực tiếp bằng tân ngữ; không thêm to.

marry/ˈmæri/động từ

kết hôn với

Choosing whom to marry should remain a personal decision even when relatives strongly disagree.

Marry someone, không phải marry with someone; get married to someone.

get on withPhrasal verb

hòa thuận với

I get on with my sister better now that we no longer argue over the same bedroom.

Get on well with someone; Anh Mỹ thường dùng get along with.

strict/strɪkt/tính từ

nghiêm khắc

My parents were strict about homework but allowed us to choose our own weekend activities.

Cụm: strict with children; strict about rules.

strict with children · strict about rules

married/ˈmærid/tính từ

đã kết hôn

Being married does not mean a couple must share every hobby or spend every evening together.

Cụm: married to someone; a married couple.

married to someone · a married couple

divorced/dɪˈvɔːst/tính từ

đã ly hôn

Divorced parents can still attend school events together when they put their child's needs first.

Cụm: divorced parents; get divorced.

divorced parents · get divorced

family albumCollocation

album ảnh gia đình

Looking through the family album helped my daughter understand that her grandparents had once been adventurous teenagers.

Cụm: leaf through a family album; a digital family album.

pocket moneyCollocation

tiền tiêu vặt

Earning extra pocket money by washing the car taught my brother to plan small purchases.

Không đếm được; Anh Mỹ thường dùng allowance trong ngữ cảnh này.

family rulesCollocation

quy tắc trong gia đình

We review the family rules together so the children understand which decisions they can influence.

Dạng số nhiều; set hoặc agree on family rules.

nephew/ˈnefjuː/danh từ

cháu trai gọi mình bằng cô, dì, chú, bác…

My nephew practises English with me because he feels less embarrassed than he does in class.

Cụm: a young nephew; a favourite nephew.

a young nephew · a favourite nephew

niece/niːs/danh từ

cháu gái gọi mình bằng cô, dì, chú, bác…

I take my niece to the library on Saturdays while her parents finish their market stall shift.

Cụm: a teenage niece; a young niece.

a teenage niece · a young niece

cousin/ˈkʌzn/danh từ

anh, chị hoặc em họ

My cousin moved into our spare room while she looked for work after finishing university.

Không phân biệt giới tính; first cousin là con của cô, dì, chú, bác…

family friendCollocation

người bạn thân quen của gia đình

A family friend collected us from school whenever both our parents were working late.

Đếm được; khác với a friend from my family.

neighbour/ˈneɪbə/danh từ

hàng xóm

Our neighbour checks on Grandma when we cannot reach her because she has forgotten to charge her phone.

Cụm: a next-door neighbour; a friendly neighbour.

a next-door neighbour · a friendly neighbour

best friendCollocation

bạn thân nhất

My best friend can usually tell that I am worried before I say anything about work.

Đếm được; be best friends with someone.

friendship/ˈfrendʃɪp/danh từ

tình bạn

Our friendship survived university in different countries because we kept making time for ordinary conversations.

Cụm: a lasting friendship; maintain a friendship.

a lasting friendship · maintain a friendship

apology/əˈpɒlədʒi/danh từ

lời xin lỗi

An apology means little if the person continues making the same hurtful jokes at every gathering.

Cụm: a sincere apology; an apology for something.

a sincere apology · an apology for something

childhood memoryCollocation

ký ức thời thơ ấu

My happiest childhood memory involves a rainy afternoon building cardboard houses with my cousins.

Đếm được; số nhiều childhood memories.

wedding anniversaryCollocation

ngày kỷ niệm kết hôn

For their wedding anniversary, my parents revisited the small restaurant where they had first met.

Cụm: celebrate a wedding anniversary; a silver wedding anniversary.

apologise/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/động từ

xin lỗi

I had to apologise to my brother for discussing his private plans with the whole family.

Cụm: apologise to someone; apologise for something.

apologise to someone · apologise for something

support/səˈpɔːt/động từ

hỗ trợ, chu cấp cho

Adult children sometimes support their parents financially while trying to save for homes of their own.

Cụm: support a family; support someone financially.

support a family · support someone financially

caring/ˈkeərɪŋ/tính từ

biết quan tâm, chăm sóc

A caring grandparent can provide reassurance without undermining the boundaries set by a child's parents.

Cụm: a caring parent; a caring attitude.

a caring parent · a caring attitude

jealous/ˈdʒeləs/tính từ

ghen tị, ghen tuông

I felt jealous of my cousin's freedom until I understood how lonely she sometimes felt abroad.

Cụm: jealous of someone; feel jealous.

jealous of someone · feel jealous

grow upPhrasal verb

lớn lên, trưởng thành

Children who grow up near their grandparents can learn family stories through ordinary daily conversations.

Grow up in a place; grow up with someone.

split upPhrasal verb

chia tay, chấm dứt quan hệ

They decided to split up after realising that neither wanted to move to the other's city.

Split up with someone; thân mật.

move in withPhrasal verb

chuyển đến sống cùng

My brother plans to move in with his partner once they have agreed how to share household costs.

Move in with someone; move into a house.

keep in touchCụm từ

giữ liên lạc

We keep in touch through short voice messages because our working hours rarely leave time for long calls.

Keep in touch with someone; trái nghĩa lose touch.

nuclear familyCollocation

gia đình hạt nhân (bố mẹ và con)

The nuclear family is now more common than three generations living together.

extended familyCollocation

đại gia đình (gồm ông bà, cô chú...)

In my country, the extended family often lives under one roof.

upbringing/ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/danh từ

sự nuôi dạy, giáo dưỡng

A strict upbringing does not always produce well-behaved adults.

Hay đi với: a strict/happy upbringing.

parenting/ˈpeərəntɪŋ/danh từ

việc nuôi dạy con cái

Positive parenting focuses on praise rather than punishment.

Hay đi với: parenting style/skills.

elderly careCollocation

việc chăm sóc người cao tuổi

Elderly care is becoming a major responsibility for working adults.

nursing homeCollocation

viện dưỡng lão

Some families choose a nursing home because they cannot provide care themselves.

peer pressureCollocation

áp lực từ bạn bè đồng trang lứa

Peer pressure can push teenagers to try risky behaviour.

close-knit/ˌkləʊsˈnɪt/tính từ

gắn bó khăng khít

I come from a close-knit family that eats dinner together every night.

Hay đi với: a close-knit family/community.

single-parent familyCollocation

gia đình đơn thân

Single-parent families often need extra support with childcare.

childcare/ˈtʃaɪldkeə/danh từ

việc giữ trẻ, trông trẻ

Affordable childcare allows more mothers to return to work.

bond/bɒnd/danh từ

sự gắn kết, mối dây liên kết

Playing games together strengthens the bond between parents and children.

Hay đi với: a strong bond, strengthen the bond.

respect for eldersCollocation

sự kính trọng người lớn tuổi

Respect for elders is still an important value in many Asian cultures.

family valuesCollocation

các giá trị gia đình

Some people worry that busy lifestyles are weakening family values.

foster familyCollocation

gia đình nhận nuôi dưỡng tạm thời

After her parents became too ill to care for her, she lived with a foster family for three years.

Khác adoption: foster care là nuôi tạm, không chuyển quyền làm cha mẹ hợp pháp.

adoptive parentsCollocation

cha mẹ nuôi

His adoptive parents always encouraged him to learn about the culture of the country where he was born.

Phân biệt: adoptive (người nhận nuôi) và adopted (được nhận nuôi: an adopted child).

guardian/ˈɡɑːdiən/danh từ

người giám hộ

When both parents died in the accident, their aunt became the children's legal guardian.

Đếm được. Danh từ: guardianship (quyền giám hộ).

legal guardian · parent or guardian · appoint a guardian

stepmother/ˈstepmʌðə/danh từ

mẹ kế

Fairy tales often portray the stepmother as cruel, which is unfair to the many who raise children with love.

Tương tự: stepfather (cha dượng), stepbrother, stepsister.

wicked stepmother · loving stepmother

stepchild/ˈsteptʃaɪld/danh từ

con riêng (của vợ hoặc chồng)

Building trust with a stepchild takes patience, especially when the child still misses the absent parent.

Số nhiều: stepchildren. Gồm stepson và stepdaughter.

in-laws/ˈɪnlɔːz/danh từ

gia đình nhà chồng hoặc nhà vợ

Many young Vietnamese couples live with their in-laws for a few years before buying their own home.

Luôn ở số nhiều. Chỉ bố mẹ và họ hàng của vợ hoặc chồng.

live with the in-laws · get on with your in-laws

ancestor/ˈænsestə/danh từ

tổ tiên

Every Vietnamese home has an altar where the family burns incense for each ancestor on special occasions.

Đếm được. ancestor worship = thờ cúng tổ tiên. Trái nghĩa: descendant.

ancestor worship · distant ancestor · common ancestor

family tiesCollocation

mối quan hệ, sợi dây gắn kết gia đình

Strong family ties can protect young people from loneliness when they move to a big city for work.

Thường ở số nhiều. strengthen/maintain family ties.

parenting styleCollocation

phong cách nuôi dạy con

A parenting style that combines warmth with clear rules tends to produce confident, independent children.

Các kiểu thường gặp: authoritarian (độc đoán), permissive (dễ dãi), authoritative (nghiêm mà ấm áp).

firm boundariesCollocation

giới hạn rõ ràng, nguyên tắc dứt khoát

Setting firm boundaries around screen time helped our children sleep better and argue less.

Hay đi với: set/establish firm boundaries.

childminder/ˈtʃaɪldmaɪndə/danh từ

người trông trẻ tại nhà (có thu phí)

Because both parents work full-time, a registered childminder looks after their toddler three days a week.

Anh-Anh. Khác babysitter (trông trẻ tạm thời, thường vào buổi tối).

registered childminder

maternity leaveCollocation

chế độ nghỉ thai sản (của người mẹ)

My sister used her maternity leave to recover from childbirth and spend time with her new baby.

Không đếm được. be on maternity leave = đang nghỉ thai sản.

paternity leaveCollocation

chế độ nghỉ phép chăm con (của người bố)

Longer paternity leave would let fathers share the exhausting first weeks of caring for a newborn.

Không đếm được. take paternity leave. Xem thêm: parental leave.

engagement/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/danh từ

sự đính hôn, lễ ăn hỏi

After a two-year engagement, the couple finally set a date that suited both families.

Tính từ: engaged (to sb). engagement ring = nhẫn đính hôn.

engagement ring · announce an engagement · engagement party

spouse/spaʊs/danh từ

vợ hoặc chồng, người phối ngẫu

Applicants for the housing loan must provide details of their own income and their spouse's income.

Trang trọng, hay dùng trong văn bản pháp lý. Dùng chung cho cả vợ và chồng.

surviving spouse · former spouse

separation/ˌsepəˈreɪʃn/danh từ

sự ly thân; sự xa cách

After a trial separation of six months, the couple decided to give their marriage another chance.

trial separation = ly thân thử; legal separation = ly thân hợp pháp.

trial separation · legal separation

widow/ˈwɪdəʊ/danh từ

góa phụ, người góa chồng

My grandmother became a widow at forty and raised five children by selling vegetables at the market.

Đếm được. Nam giới: widower. Tính từ: widowed.

elderly widow · war widow

widower/ˈwɪdəʊə/danh từ

người góa vợ

Living alone for the first time, the elderly widower joined a cooking class to meet new people.

Đếm được. Nữ giới: widow.

dating/ˈdeɪtɪŋ/danh từ

việc hẹn hò

Online dating has made it easier for busy professionals to meet people outside their workplace.

Không đếm được. Động từ: date sb (hẹn hò với ai).

online dating · dating app · speed dating

long-distance relationshipCollocation

mối quan hệ yêu xa

Video calls make a long-distance relationship easier, but they cannot fully replace being together.

Cụm thường dùng: maintain a long-distance relationship; chỉ hai người yêu nhau sống xa nhau.

commitment/kəˈmɪtmənt/danh từ

sự gắn bó, cam kết

Sharing responsibility for an elderly parent requires commitment even when siblings live in different cities.

Cụm: a long-term commitment; commitment to a relationship.

a long-term commitment · commitment to a relationship

loyalty/ˈlɔɪəlti/danh từ

lòng trung thành

Family loyalty should not mean staying silent when a relative treats another person unfairly.

Cụm: loyalty to someone; family loyalty.

loyalty to someone · family loyalty

affection/əˈfekʃn/danh từ

tình cảm yêu mến

My father rarely talks about affection, but he repairs our bicycles before we even ask.

Cụm: show affection; affection for someone.

show affection · affection for someone

adulthood/ˈædʌlthʊd/danh từ

tuổi trưởng thành

Entering adulthood does not automatically give young people the skills to manage conflict at home.

Cụm: early adulthood; reach adulthood.

early adulthood · reach adulthood

middle ageCollocation

tuổi trung niên

In middle age, some parents must support university students while also looking after their own parents.

Thường dùng in middle age hoặc in one's middle age.

mealtime/ˈmiːltaɪm/danh từ

giờ ăn

Keeping phones away at mealtime helped our family notice when someone had had a difficult day.

Cụm: family mealtimes; at mealtime.

family mealtimes · at mealtime

get-together/ˈɡettəˌɡeðə/danh từ

buổi họp mặt thân mật

Our monthly get-together moved online when my cousins found jobs in different provinces.

Cụm: a family get-together; an informal get-together.

a family get-together · an informal get-together

family reunionCollocation

cuộc đoàn tụ gia đình

The family reunion brought together relatives who had previously known each other only through photographs.

Reunion nhấn mạnh gặp lại sau thời gian xa cách.

family treeCollocation

cây gia phả

Drawing a family tree with Grandma uncovered relatives who had moved away before I was born.

Cụm: trace a family tree; research a family tree.

scold/skəʊld/động từ

mắng, khiển trách

Adults should not scold a child in public simply for asking an awkward question.

Cụm: scold someone for something; scold a child.

scold someone for something · scold a child

rebel/rɪˈbel/động từ

chống đối, nổi loạn

Teenagers sometimes rebel against strict household rules because they want a voice in decisions.

Cụm: rebel against authority; rebel against rules.

rebel against authority · rebel against rules

propose/prəˈpəʊz/động từ

cầu hôn

He planned to propose during a quiet walk rather than turn the moment into a public performance.

Cụm: propose to someone; propose marriage.

propose to someone · propose marriage

separate/ˈsepəreɪt/động từ

ly thân, chia tay

Couples who separate may still need to cooperate closely to provide a stable home for their children.

Cụm: separate from a partner; decide to separate.

separate from a partner · decide to separate

fall out withPhrasal verb

cãi nhau rồi bất hòa với

I did not want to fall out with my cousin over who would organise Grandma's birthday.

Fall out with someone over/about something.

look up toPhrasal verb

kính trọng, ngưỡng mộ

Children may look up to an older sibling long before they understand the pressures that sibling faces.

Look up to someone; khác look down on là coi thường.

settle downPhrasal verb

ổn định cuộc sống

My brother wants to settle down near our parents after several years of moving between temporary jobs.

Có thể chỉ lập gia đình hoặc bắt đầu sống ổn định.

grow apartPhrasal verb

dần xa cách nhau

Friends can grow apart when their lives change, even without an argument or a deliberate decision.

Grow apart from someone; trái nghĩa gần: grow closer.

stick byPhrasal verb

tiếp tục ở bên, ủng hộ

My sister promised to stick by me during the job search, even when rejection letters kept arriving.

Stick by someone trong lúc khó khăn; không đồng nghĩa chấp nhận mọi hành vi.

supportive/səˈpɔːtɪv/tính từ

biết động viên, hỗ trợ

A supportive partner can listen to a problem without immediately trying to make every decision.

Cụm: a supportive family; supportive of a decision.

a supportive family · supportive of a decision

elderly/ˈeldəli/tính từ

cao tuổi

An elderly relative may prefer practical help with shopping to repeated advice about staying active.

Cụm: an elderly relative; elderly people.

an elderly relative · elderly people

tie the knotThành ngữ

làm đám cưới, kết hôn

After postponing the ceremony twice, my cousins decided to tie the knot in their parents' garden.

Thân mật; thường dùng trong Speaking hơn văn viết học thuật.

under the same roofCụm từ

cùng sống trong một nhà

Living under the same roof as our grandparents made childcare easier but required compromises over privacy.

Có thể nói live together under the same roof.

bedtime routineCollocation

nếp sinh hoạt trước giờ ngủ

A consistent bedtime routine helped our toddler settle more easily after we moved to a new flat.

Cụm: establish a bedtime routine; follow a bedtime routine.

domestic lifeCollocation

cuộc sống gia đình

Working from home blurred the boundary between my professional responsibilities and domestic life.

Domestic ở đây liên quan nhà cửa, gia đình; không phải nội địa.

family roleCollocation

vai trò trong gia đình

A family role should be flexible enough to change when a parent becomes ill or loses work.

Đếm được; số nhiều family roles.

parental consentCollocation

sự đồng ý của cha mẹ

The school requested parental consent before allowing younger pupils to take part in the overnight trip.

Consent không đếm được; obtain parental consent.

mutual trustCollocation

sự tin tưởng lẫn nhau

Mutual trust grows when family members keep small promises instead of making dramatic declarations.

Trust không đếm được; build hoặc maintain mutual trust.

compromise/ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/danh từ

sự thỏa hiệp

We reached a compromise about holiday visits by spending one weekend with each side of the family.

Cụm: reach a compromise; a reasonable compromise.

reach a compromise · a reasonable compromise

forgiveness/fəˈɡɪvnəs/danh từ

sự tha thứ

Forgiveness does not require pretending that a broken promise never hurt anyone.

Cụm: ask for forgiveness; seek forgiveness.

ask for forgiveness · seek forgiveness

jealousy/ˈdʒeləsi/danh từ

sự ghen tuông, đố kỵ

Jealousy between siblings may increase when adults consistently praise one child's achievements and overlook the other's efforts.

Cụm: sibling jealousy; feelings of jealousy.

sibling jealousy · feelings of jealousy

family businessCollocation

doanh nghiệp gia đình

Joining the family business was a choice for my brother rather than an obligation imposed by our parents.

Đếm được; run a family business.

comfort/ˈkʌmfət/động từ

an ủi

It is easier to comfort an upset child when adults first listen instead of dismissing the problem.

Cụm: comfort a child; comfort someone after a loss.

comfort a child · comfort someone after a loss

reassure/ˌriːəˈʃʊə/động từ

trấn an, làm yên lòng

Video calls helped reassure my parents that I was managing daily life in my new city.

Cụm: reassure someone that; reassure someone about something.

reassure someone that · reassure someone about something

forgive/fəˈɡɪv/động từ

tha thứ

She could forgive a forgotten birthday, but repeated dishonesty made it difficult to trust her partner.

Cụm: forgive someone for something; learn to forgive.

forgive someone for something · learn to forgive

neglect/nɪˈɡlekt/động từ

bỏ bê, không chăm sóc đầy đủ

Working long hours can lead people to neglect relationships they assume will always remain strong.

Cụm: neglect a child; neglect a relationship.

neglect a child · neglect a relationship

babysit/ˈbeɪbisɪt/động từ

trông trẻ tạm thời

My cousin offered to babysit on Friday so my parents could attend an evening class together.

Babysit for someone; quá khứ babysat.

affectionate/əˈfekʃənət/tính từ

trìu mến, giàu tình cảm

My affectionate aunt greets everyone warmly but respects children who do not want a hug.

Cụm: an affectionate gesture; an affectionate relationship.

an affectionate gesture · an affectionate relationship

protective/prəˈtektɪv/tính từ

có ý thức bảo vệ, che chở

She is protective of her younger brother but lets him handle ordinary disagreements by himself.

Cụm: protective of someone; a protective instinct.

protective of someone · a protective instinct

distant/ˈdɪstənt/tính từ

lạnh nhạt, xa cách về tình cảm

My brother seemed distant after losing his job, but he gradually began joining family meals again.

Cụm: emotionally distant; a distant manner.

emotionally distant · a distant manner

forgiving/fəˈɡɪvɪŋ/tính từ

dễ tha thứ, bao dung

A forgiving parent can acknowledge a mistake without reminding the child about it for years.

Cụm: a forgiving attitude; a forgiving person.

a forgiving attitude · a forgiving person

dependable/dɪˈpendəbl/tính từ

đáng tin cậy

Our most dependable relative is the quiet uncle who always arrives when someone needs practical help.

Cụm: a dependable friend; a dependable source of support.

a dependable friend · a dependable source of support

hospitable/hɒsˈpɪtəbl/tính từ

hiếu khách

My hospitable grandparents prepare extra food because a visiting neighbour might stay for dinner.

Cụm: a hospitable host; a hospitable family.

a hospitable host · a hospitable family

reserved/rɪˈzɜːvd/tính từ

kín đáo, ít bộc lộ cảm xúc

My reserved grandfather rarely joins long conversations, but he remembers every grandchild's favourite food.

Cụm: a reserved manner; quiet and reserved.

a reserved manner · quiet and reserved

well-behaved/ˌwelbɪˈheɪvd/tính từ

ngoan, có cách cư xử đúng mực

A well-behaved child still needs opportunities to disagree respectfully rather than obey every instruction without question.

Cụm: a well-behaved child; well-behaved children.

a well-behaved child · well-behaved children

bring togetherPhrasal verb

gắn kết, tập hợp lại

Shared cooking sessions can bring together relatives who find formal family meetings uncomfortable.

Bring people together; với đại từ: bring them together.

put up withPhrasal verb

chịu đựng

Nobody should have to put up with constant insults simply because they come from a close relative.

Put up with someone/something; không tách cụm.

watch overPhrasal verb

trông nom, bảo vệ

My aunt offered to watch over the children while their parents took Grandma to her hospital appointment.

Watch over someone; nhấn mạnh chăm nom hoặc bảo vệ.

drop in onPhrasal verb

ghé thăm không hẹn trước

We often drop in on our grandparents after the market, but we phone first if they might be resting.

Drop in on someone; drop in at a place.

fall forPhrasal verb

phải lòng, yêu

I did not expect my quiet cousin to fall for someone who loved noisy parties and spontaneous travel.

Fall for someone; nghĩa khác: mắc lừa điều gì.

name afterPhrasal verb

đặt tên theo tên người khác

Some parents name their children after admired relatives to preserve a connection with an earlier generation.

Name someone after someone; ví dụ cần chèn tân ngữ giữa name và after.

take sidesThành ngữ

đứng về một phía trong tranh cãi

When my cousins argue about caring for their father, I try to help without being forced to take sides.

Take sides with someone hoặc take someone's side.

adolescence/ˌædəˈlesns/danh từ

tuổi vị thành niên

Adolescence is a time when friends become as important as family.

Danh từ chỉ người: adolescent.

multi-generational householdCollocation

hộ gia đình nhiều thế hệ

Living in a multi-generational household can reduce childcare costs.

blended familyCollocation

gia đình tái hợp (có con riêng của vợ hoặc chồng)

Children in a blended family may need time to accept a new parent and new brothers or sisters.

Còn gọi: stepfamily. Thường hình thành sau ly hôn rồi tái hôn.

descendant/dɪˈsendənt/danh từ

con cháu, hậu duệ

The old house has been passed down for generations and now belongs to a descendant of the original builder.

Đếm được. descendant of sb. Trái nghĩa: ancestor.

direct descendant · distant descendant

kinship/ˈkɪnʃɪp/danh từ

quan hệ họ hàng; tình thân

In rural villages, kinship still shapes who you marry, where you work and whom you turn to for help.

Không đếm được, trang trọng. kin = họ hàng (next of kin).

sense of kinship · kinship ties

child benefitCollocation

trợ cấp nuôi con (của nhà nước)

Raising child benefit could encourage young couples who delay having children for financial reasons.

Anh-Anh, không đếm được. claim/receive child benefit.

cohabitation/kəʊˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn/danh từ

sự sống chung (không đăng ký kết hôn)

Discussing cohabitation with their parents helped the couple understand why each generation viewed marriage differently.

Trang trọng. Động từ: cohabit. Cách nói thường: live together.

civil partnershipCollocation

kết hợp dân sự (quan hệ chung sống được luật công nhận)

Some couples choose a civil partnership because it gives them legal rights without a religious ceremony.

Hình thức pháp lý ở Anh và một số nước, có quyền lợi gần như hôn nhân.

child custodyCollocation

quyền nuôi con

Courts usually decide child custody based on which parent can offer the most stable home.

Không đếm được. joint custody = cùng nuôi con. win/lose custody of sb.

alimony/ˈælɪməni/danh từ

tiền cấp dưỡng cho vợ/chồng cũ

The judge ordered him to pay alimony until his former wife could find a full-time job.

Không đếm được. Anh-Anh hay dùng maintenance. Tiền nuôi con: child support.

pay alimony · receive alimony

courtship/ˈkɔːtʃɪp/danh từ

thời gian tìm hiểu, tán tỉnh (trước hôn nhân)

In my grandparents' time, courtship was a slow process supervised closely by both families.

Hơi cũ, trang trọng. Cách nói hiện đại: dating.

intimacy/ˈɪntɪməsi/danh từ

sự gần gũi thân mật

Constantly checking a partner's messages can damage intimacy rather than strengthen trust.

Cụm: emotional intimacy; a sense of intimacy.

emotional intimacy · a sense of intimacy

companionship/kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/danh từ

sự bầu bạn

For older people living alone, a shared evening meal can offer companionship as well as nutrition.

Cụm: seek companionship; provide companionship.

seek companionship · provide companionship

reconciliation/ˌrekənsɪliˈeɪʃn/danh từ

sự hòa giải, làm lành

Their reconciliation began with a short birthday message after years of avoiding family gatherings.

Cụm: reconciliation with someone; a chance of reconciliation.

reconciliation with someone · a chance of reconciliation

estrangement/ɪˈstreɪndʒmənt/danh từ

tình trạng xa cách, mất liên lạc

Moving abroad did not cause the estrangement; years of unresolved disagreements had already divided the family.

Cụm: estrangement from someone; family estrangement.

estrangement from someone · family estrangement

family feudCollocation

mối bất hòa kéo dài trong gia đình

A family feud over the old house meant the cousins stopped spending their holidays together.

Feud thường chỉ xung đột lâu dài, không phải một lần cãi nhau.

sibling rivalryCollocation

sự ganh đua giữa anh chị em

Comparing children's exam results can encourage sibling rivalry instead of motivating them to help each other.

Sibling bao gồm cả anh, chị và em; rivalry thường không đếm được.

parental expectationCollocation

kỳ vọng của cha mẹ

A parental expectation should leave room for a child's interests rather than dictate an entire career.

Dạng số nhiều parental expectations thường gặp hơn.

empty nestCollocation

gia đình khi con đã ra ở riêng

An empty nest gave my parents time to travel, although they initially missed our noisy dinners.

Thường gặp empty nest syndrome: cảm giác hụt hẫng khi con rời nhà.

family carerCollocation

người chăm sóc thân nhân

A family carer may need flexible working hours to accompany a relative to hospital appointments.

Carer phổ biến ở Anh; caregiver thường gặp ở Mỹ.

heirloom/ˈeəluːm/danh từ

đồ vật gia truyền

The sewing machine is our most treasured heirloom because three generations used it to earn a living.

Cụm: a family heirloom; a treasured heirloom.

a family heirloom · a treasured heirloom

godparent/ˈɡɒdpeərənt/danh từ

người đỡ đầu trong lễ rửa tội

Her godparent attended the christening and later became a trusted adult she could ask for advice.

Đếm được; số ít có thể chỉ godmother hoặc godfather.

nurture/ˈnɜːtʃə/động từ

nuôi dưỡng, vun đắp

Shared activities can nurture a child's confidence without making every weekend another competition.

Cụm: nurture talent; nurture a relationship.

nurture talent · nurture a relationship

confide/kənˈfaɪd/động từ

tâm sự, thổ lộ chuyện riêng

Young people need someone they can confide in without fearing that every worry will become family gossip.

Cụm: confide in someone; confide a secret.

confide in someone · confide a secret

adoption processCollocation

quy trình nhận con nuôi

The adoption process should protect children while giving prospective parents clear information about each step.

Prospective adoptive parents là người dự định nhận con nuôi.

overprotective/ˌəʊvəprəˈtektɪv/tính từ

bảo bọc quá mức

An overprotective parent may prevent ordinary mistakes that help children become more independent.

Cụm: overprotective parents; an overprotective attitude.

overprotective parents · an overprotective attitude

nurturing/ˈnɜːtʃərɪŋ/tính từ

biết chăm sóc, nuôi dưỡng

A nurturing home gives children space to fail without making them feel that affection depends on success.

Cụm: a nurturing environment; a nurturing parent.

a nurturing environment · a nurturing parent

estranged/ɪˈstreɪndʒd/tính từ

xa cách, không còn quan hệ thân thiết

Her estranged brother returned for the funeral, but rebuilding their relationship took considerably longer.

Cụm: an estranged spouse; estranged from the family.

an estranged spouse · estranged from the family

dysfunctional/dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl/tính từ

rối loạn, vận hành không lành mạnh

Growing up in a dysfunctional household can make it difficult to recognise respectful behaviour in later relationships.

Cụm: a dysfunctional family; a dysfunctional relationship.

a dysfunctional family · a dysfunctional relationship

widowed/ˈwɪdəʊd/tính từ

góa vợ hoặc chồng

Our widowed neighbour started a gardening club after finding the quiet evenings at home particularly difficult.

Cụm: recently widowed; a widowed parent.

recently widowed · a widowed parent

maternal/məˈtɜːnl/tính từ

thuộc về mẹ hoặc bên ngoại

My maternal grandparents taught me the songs that my mother had forgotten after moving away.

Cụm: maternal grandparents; maternal care.

maternal grandparents · maternal care

paternal/pəˈtɜːnl/tính từ

thuộc về cha hoặc bên nội

I know less about my paternal ancestors because most of their family photographs were lost.

Cụm: paternal grandparents; paternal relatives.

paternal grandparents · paternal relatives

christening/ˈkrɪsnɪŋ/danh từ

lễ rửa tội và đặt tên cho trẻ

The christening was a small church ceremony followed by lunch at the baby's grandparents' flat.

Cụm: a christening ceremony; a christening gown.

a christening ceremony · a christening gown

blood is thicker than waterThành ngữ

quan hệ máu mủ thường được coi trọng hơn

When the cousins argued about the inheritance, Grandma reminded them that blood is thicker than water.

Tục ngữ; quan điểm đề cao tình thân, không phải quy luật đúng cho mọi gia đình.

the apple of one's eyeThành ngữ

người được yêu quý, cưng chiều nhất

Despite his stern manner, Grandad kept every drawing from the little girl who was the apple of his eye.

Thay one's bằng my, his, her…; sắc thái trìu mến.

a chip off the old blockThành ngữ

người giống cha hoặc mẹ như đúc

Watching his daughter repair a broken radio, Dad laughed that she was a chip off the old block.

Thân mật; thường nói người con giống cha mẹ về tính cách hoặc khả năng.

the black sheep of the familyThành ngữ

người bị gia đình coi là khác biệt, hư hỏng

My cousin jokes about being the black sheep of the family because he became a dancer rather than an accountant.

Có sắc thái phán xét; thường dùng be the black sheep of the family.

run in the familyThành ngữ

là đặc điểm chung trong gia đình

A talent for storytelling seems to run in the family, judging by our lively evening meals.

Chủ ngữ thường là đặc điểm, năng khiếu hoặc bệnh có tính gia đình.

see eye to eyeThành ngữ

đồng quan điểm

My sister and I rarely see eye to eye about spending, so we keep separate holiday budgets.

See eye to eye with someone on/about something.

breadwinner/ˈbredwɪnə/danh từ

người kiếm thu nhập chính cho gia đình

Being the sole breadwinner left my uncle little time to attend his children's school performances.

Cụm: the main breadwinner; the sole breadwinner.

the main breadwinner · the sole breadwinner

homemaker/ˈhəʊmmeɪkə/danh từ

người nội trợ

A homemaker contributes valuable unpaid labour even when household income comes entirely from another family member.

Đếm được; không giới hạn ở phụ nữ.

dual-income householdCollocation

hộ gia đình có hai người tạo thu nhập

A dual-income household may still struggle when rent and childcare absorb most of both salaries.

Dual-income mô tả nguồn thu, không bảo đảm mức sống khá giả.

division of labourCollocation

sự phân chia công việc

A fair division of labour includes remembering appointments as well as cooking and cleaning.

Labour viết theo Anh; có thể nói division of household labour.

caregiving/ˈkeəɡɪvɪŋ/danh từ

việc chăm sóc người cần trợ giúp

Employers should recognise how caregiving can affect staff who support children and ageing parents simultaneously.

Không đếm được; người làm việc này là caregiver hoặc carer.

respite breakCollocation

khoảng nghỉ dành cho người chăm sóc

A short respite break allowed my aunt to rest while trained staff cared for her husband.

Respite chỉ sự nghỉ ngơi tạm thời khỏi việc khó khăn.

intergenerational supportCollocation

sự hỗ trợ giữa các thế hệ

Intergenerational support works both ways when grandparents provide childcare and adult children help with medical appointments.

Có thể bao gồm thời gian, chăm sóc, tiền bạc và hỗ trợ tinh thần.

birth orderCollocation

thứ tự sinh giữa các anh chị em

Birth order may influence family experiences, but it cannot explain every difference between siblings.

Cụm: the effects of birth order; birth order theory.

firstborn/ˈfɜːstbɔːn/danh từ

con đầu lòng

Their firstborn received countless photographs, while the younger children complained about their much smaller albums.

Đếm được; cũng có thể dùng như tính từ trước child hoặc son.

next of kinCụm từ

thân nhân gần nhất

The hospital asked for his next of kin because they needed someone to contact in an emergency.

Cụm cố định; không thêm -s vào kin.

acquaintance/əˈkweɪntəns/danh từ

người quen

An acquaintance from my evening class became a close friend after we started sharing the journey home.

Cụm: a casual acquaintance; a mutual acquaintance.

a casual acquaintance · a mutual acquaintance

confidant/ˈkɒnfɪdænt/danh từ

người tâm phúc

Her aunt became a confidant when she needed advice that felt separate from her parents' expectations.

Cụm: a trusted confidant; a close confidant.

a trusted confidant · a close confidant

resentment/rɪˈzentmənt/danh từ

sự bất mãn, ấm ức

Quiet resentment built up while my sister handled every hospital visit without help from the rest of us.

Cụm: resentment towards someone; harbour resentment.

resentment towards someone · harbour resentment

nostalgia/nɒˈstældʒə/danh từ

nỗi hoài niệm

Cooking my mother's noodle soup brings nostalgia for the crowded kitchen where we ate as children.

Cụm: nostalgia for childhood; a sense of nostalgia.

nostalgia for childhood · a sense of nostalgia

childhood sweetheartCollocation

người yêu từ thuở nhỏ

She married her childhood sweetheart, although they had spent several years living in different cities.

Đếm được; thường chỉ người yêu từ thời đi học.

inheritance/ɪnˈherɪtəns/danh từ

tài sản thừa kế

An unexpected inheritance allowed her to reduce working hours and spend more time caring for her mother.

Cụm: receive an inheritance; a family inheritance.

receive an inheritance · a family inheritance

nag/næɡ/động từ

cằn nhằn, nhắc đi nhắc lại

Parents who nag about every unfinished task may find that their children stop listening altogether.

Cụm: nag someone about something; nag someone to do something.

nag someone about something · nag someone to do something

console/kənˈsəʊl/động từ

an ủi khi đau buồn

Relatives tried to console her after the funeral, but she mostly wanted someone to sit quietly beside her.

Cụm: console someone after a loss; console oneself with something.

console someone after a loss · console oneself with something

resent/rɪˈzent/động từ

bất mãn, cảm thấy ấm ức vì

Older children may resent being expected to provide free childcare every weekend without being asked.

Cụm: resent doing something; resent an expectation.

resent doing something · resent an expectation

cherish/ˈtʃerɪʃ/động từ

trân trọng, yêu quý

I cherish the handwritten letters my grandmother sent when I first left home for university.

Cụm: cherish a memory; cherish a friendship.

cherish a memory · cherish a friendship

mourn/mɔːn/động từ

đau buồn, thương tiếc người đã mất

Family members may mourn differently, so silence should not automatically be mistaken for a lack of affection.

Cụm: mourn a death; mourn the loss of someone.

mourn a death · mourn the loss of someone

inseparable/ɪnˈsepərəbl/tính từ

thân thiết không rời

The twins were inseparable at primary school but gradually developed different friendships as teenagers.

Cụm: inseparable friends; virtually inseparable.

inseparable friends · virtually inseparable

mischievous/ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/tính từ

nghịch ngợm, tinh nghịch

My mischievous nephew hides toy spiders in our shoes but always apologises when someone is genuinely frightened.

Cụm: a mischievous child; a mischievous smile.

a mischievous child · a mischievous smile

a shoulder to cry onThành ngữ

người để tâm sự, tìm sự an ủi

After my first job rejection, my sister offered a shoulder to cry on before helping me revise my application.

Offer hoặc need a shoulder to cry on; thân mật.

through thick and thinThành ngữ

dù thuận lợi hay khó khăn

My grandmother stood by her younger sister through thick and thin, even when their small bakery nearly closed.

Thường đi với support, stay with hoặc stand by.

a soft spot forThành ngữ

sự yêu mến đặc biệt dành cho

Grandma has a soft spot for my youngest cousin because he always asks about her childhood.

Thường dùng have a soft spot for someone/something.

bury the hatchetThành ngữ

làm hòa, chấm dứt bất hòa

The sisters agreed to bury the hatchet before their mother's birthday rather than divide the celebration between two houses.

Thân mật; thường dùng sau một giai đoạn bất hòa.

like two peas in a podThành ngữ

giống nhau như hai giọt nước

In the old school photograph, Mum and her sister look like two peas in a pod despite their different hairstyles.

So sánh về ngoại hình hoặc tính cách rất giống nhau.

a home from homeThành ngữ

nơi thoải mái, thân thuộc như nhà mình

My aunt's tiny flat became a home from home during my first lonely year at university.

Cách nói Anh; Anh Mỹ thường dùng a home away from home.