Chủ đề Writing & Speaking · 203 từ

Từ vựng IELTS chủ đề Economy (Kinh tế)

B1 · IELTS 4.0–5.0 20 từ

  • economic growthCollocation

    tăng trưởng kinh tế

    Tourism has driven economic growth in many coastal regions.

    Hay đi với: drive/boost/sustain economic growth.

  • poverty/ˈpɒvəti/danh từ

    sự nghèo đói

    Education is one of the most effective ways to escape poverty.

    Hay đi với: live in poverty, escape/reduce poverty.

  • invest/ɪnˈvest/động từ

    đầu tư

    Governments should invest in infrastructure that supports small businesses.

    invest IN something. Danh từ: investment.

  • developing countriesCollocation

    các nước đang phát triển

    Developing countries often depend heavily on exports of raw materials.

    Đối lập: developed countries.

  • export/ɪkˈspɔːt/động từ

    xuất khẩu

    The region exports most of its coffee to Europe.

    Danh từ export nhấn âm đầu: /ˈekspɔːt/. Trái nghĩa: import.

  • income/ˈɪnkʌm/danh từ

    thu nhập

    Families on a low income spend most of their money on food and rent.

    Hay đi với: a low/high income, disposable income.

  • local businessesCollocation

    các doanh nghiệp địa phương

    Large supermarkets can push local businesses out of the market.

  • interest rateCollocation

    lãi suất

    A low interest rate on savings accounts gives young people little reason to put money aside.

    Hay đi với: raise/cut/lower interest rates; an interest rate OF 5%.

  • competition/ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/danh từ

    sự cạnh tranh

    Fierce competition between mobile networks has pushed data prices down for ordinary users.

    competition BETWEEN firms; competition FOR customers. Nghĩa khác: cuộc thi.

    fierce competition · healthy competition · foreign competition

  • small businessCollocation

    doanh nghiệp nhỏ

    Opening a small business in Hanoi's Old Quarter means paying high rents but enjoying constant foot traffic.

    Hay đi với: run/start/set up a small business; small business owners.

  • stock marketCollocation

    thị trường chứng khoán

    Young investors in Vietnam have rushed into the stock market, often buying shares on tips from social media.

    Gần nghĩa: stock exchange (sở giao dịch). Hay đi với: invest in the stock market.

  • investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/danh từ

    sự đầu tư, khoản đầu tư

    Investment in public transport often pays for itself by cutting traffic and raising nearby property values.

    investment IN sth. Hay đi với: attract/encourage foreign investment.

    foreign investment · a sound investment · attract investment

  • borrow/ˈbɒrəʊ/động từ

    vay, mượn (tiền)

    Students who borrow heavily to pay for university may spend a decade repaying the debt.

    borrow sth FROM sb. Đừng nhầm với lend (cho vay).

    borrow money · borrow heavily · borrow from a bank

  • lend/lend/động từ

    cho vay

    Banks are often reluctant to lend to farmers because harvests are hard to predict.

    lend sb sth / lend sth TO sb. Quá khứ: lent. Đừng nhầm với borrow.

    lend money · lend to businesses

  • import/ɪmˈpɔːt/động từ

    nhập khẩu

    Island nations import most of their fuel, so global oil prices hit them especially hard.

    Động từ nhấn âm 2 /ɪmˈpɔːt/; danh từ nhấn âm 1 /ˈɪmpɔːt/. import sth FROM a country.

    import goods · import from abroad

  • economic/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/tính từ

    (thuộc) kinh tế

    Economic growth alone does not guarantee a better life if the benefits stay with a small elite.

    Đừng nhầm với economical (tiết kiệm). Hay đi với: economic growth/crisis/policy.

    economic growth · economic crisis · economic policy

  • profitable/ˈprɒfɪtəbl/tính từ

    có lãi, sinh lợi

    The airline tried to stay profitable by reducing empty flights rather than charging more for checked bags.

    Danh từ: profit, profitability. Trái nghĩa: unprofitable, loss-making.

    highly profitable · a profitable business

  • accountant/əˈkaʊntənt/danh từ

    kế toán viên

    Hiring an accountant can save a small business owner from costly mistakes on tax forms.

    Phân biệt: accounting (ngành kế toán), accountant (người làm kế toán).

    chartered accountant · hire an accountant

  • customs/ˈkʌstəmz/danh từ

    hải quan

    Fresh fruit can rot at the border if customs checks take longer than a day.

    Nghĩa hải quan luôn có -s: go through customs; customs officer.

    go through customs · customs officer · customs checks

  • brand/brænd/danh từ

    thương hiệu, nhãn hiệu

    Young shoppers are often willing to pay double for a brand they see promoted by online influencers.

    Hay đi với: brand loyalty (lòng trung thành với thương hiệu), brand image.

    brand loyalty · brand image · a well-known brand

B2 · IELTS 5.5–6.5 93 từ

  • globalisation/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/danh từ

    toàn cầu hoá

    Globalisation has made cheap products available almost everywhere.

    Anh-Mỹ: globalization.

  • multinational corporationCollocation

    tập đoàn đa quốc gia

    Multinational corporations often move factories to countries with lower wages.

  • inflation/ɪnˈfleɪʃn/danh từ

    lạm phát

    High inflation makes everyday goods more expensive for ordinary families.

    Hay đi với: high/rising inflation, control inflation.

  • the wealth gapCollocation

    khoảng cách giàu nghèo

    The wealth gap between cities and rural areas continues to widen.

    Gần nghĩa: the gap between rich and poor.

  • consumer spendingCollocation

    chi tiêu của người tiêu dùng

    Consumer spending usually rises during the holiday season.

  • free tradeCollocation

    thương mại tự do

    Free trade agreements can lower prices but threaten local industries.

  • recession/rɪˈseʃn/danh từ

    suy thoái kinh tế

    Many small firms closed during the last recession.

    Hay đi với: go into recession, a deep recession.

  • standard of livingCollocation

    mức sống

    A higher income does not always mean a better standard of living.

    Hay đi với: raise/improve the standard of living.

  • cost of livingCollocation

    chi phí sinh hoạt

    The rising cost of living is forcing young people to share flats.

  • boost the economyCollocation

    thúc đẩy nền kinh tế

    Hosting international events can boost the economy in the short term.

  • financial crisisCollocation

    khủng hoảng tài chính

    A financial crisis can wipe out years of savings for ordinary families.

  • currency/ˈkʌrənsi/danh từ

    tiền tệ

    A weak currency makes imported goods more expensive.

  • debt/det/danh từ

    khoản nợ

    Household debt rises when wages fail to keep up with prices.

    Chữ b câm. Hay đi với: be in debt, pay off a debt.

  • gross domestic productCollocation

    tổng sản phẩm quốc nội (GDP)

    Tourism accounts for a significant share of gross domestic product in many small island nations.

    Viết tắt: GDP. Hay đi với: GDP growth, GDP per capita (GDP bình quân đầu người).

  • economic downturnCollocation

    sự suy giảm kinh tế

    During an economic downturn, households tend to cut spending on travel and eating out first.

    Thường nhẹ hơn recession (suy thoái). Hay đi với: suffer/weather an economic downturn.

  • exchange rateCollocation

    tỷ giá hối đoái

    A weaker exchange rate can make Vietnamese coffee cheaper for foreign buyers while raising the cost of imported fuel.

    the exchange rate BETWEEN A and B; the exchange rate AGAINST the dollar.

  • budget deficitCollocation

    thâm hụt ngân sách

    To narrow its budget deficit, the state may have to choose between raising taxes and cutting services.

    Hay đi với: run/reduce/narrow a budget deficit. Trái nghĩa: budget surplus.

  • national debtCollocation

    nợ quốc gia, nợ công

    Governments that borrow recklessly today leave a heavier national debt for the next generation to repay.

    Gần nghĩa: public debt, government debt.

  • trade surplusCollocation

    thặng dư thương mại (xuất khẩu lớn hơn nhập khẩu)

    Strong electronics exports have helped the country maintain a trade surplus for several years.

    a trade surplus WITH another country. Trái nghĩa: trade deficit.

  • trade deficitCollocation

    thâm hụt thương mại (nhập khẩu lớn hơn xuất khẩu)

    A persistent trade deficit may signal that local industries cannot compete with cheaper foreign goods.

    Hay đi với: run/narrow a trade deficit; a trade deficit WITH a country.

  • subsidy/ˈsʌbsədi/danh từ

    khoản trợ cấp, tiền bù giá (của nhà nước)

    A fuel subsidy is popular with voters, yet it often benefits wealthier households who drive more.

    a subsidy FOR/ON sth; số nhiều: subsidies. Động từ: subsidise.

    government subsidy · farm subsidy · remove a subsidy

  • tax revenueCollocation

    nguồn thu từ thuế

    Higher tobacco duties would raise tax revenue and discourage smoking at the same time.

    Cũng hay dùng số nhiều: tax revenues. Hay đi với: boost/generate tax revenue.

  • tax evasionCollocation

    hành vi trốn thuế (bất hợp pháp)

    Widespread tax evasion forces honest citizens to shoulder a heavier share of the cost of public services.

    Phân biệt: tax evasion là phạm pháp; tax avoidance là lách thuế hợp pháp.

  • tariff/ˈtærɪf/danh từ

    thuế quan (thuế đánh vào hàng nhập khẩu)

    Raising a tariff on imported steel may protect local mills, but car makers then pay more for materials.

    a tariff ON imports. Hay đi với: impose/raise/lift a tariff.

    impose a tariff · import tariff · lift tariffs

  • supply and demandCụm từ

    cung và cầu

    Rents in the city centre are driven by supply and demand, so new housing could ease prices.

    Cụm cố định. Mở rộng: the law of supply and demand (quy luật cung cầu).

  • market shareCollocation

    thị phần

    Local coffee chains have steadily gained market share by offering cheaper drinks and familiar flavours.

    Hay đi với: gain/lose/increase market share.

  • monopoly/məˈnɒpəli/danh từ

    sự độc quyền; công ty độc quyền

    When one company holds a monopoly on electricity supply, customers have no choice but to accept its prices.

    a monopoly ON/OF sth. Hay đi với: hold/have/break a monopoly.

    state monopoly · break a monopoly

  • privatisation/ˌpraɪvətaɪˈzeɪʃn/danh từ

    sự tư nhân hóa

    Supporters claim that privatisation makes public services more efficient, while opponents fear rising fees.

    Chính tả Anh: -isation; Mỹ: privatization. Trái nghĩa: nationalisation.

    rail privatisation · the privatisation of water

  • state-owned enterpriseCollocation

    doanh nghiệp nhà nước

    Reforming a loss-making state-owned enterprise is politically difficult because thousands of jobs depend on it.

    Viết tắt: SOE. Gần nghĩa: state-run company.

  • private sectorCollocation

    khu vực tư nhân

    Graduates increasingly prefer the private sector, where salaries rise faster than in government jobs.

    Thường có the: the private sector. Trái nghĩa: the public sector.

  • public sectorCollocation

    khu vực công, khu vực nhà nước

    Teachers and nurses in the public sector often earn less than people with similar qualifications elsewhere.

    Thường có the. Hay đi với: public sector workers/jobs/pay.

  • consumer confidenceCollocation

    niềm tin của người tiêu dùng

    Rising job security usually lifts consumer confidence, which in turn encourages spending on cars and homes.

    Hay đi với: boost/dent/undermine consumer confidence.

  • price warCollocation

    cuộc chiến giá cả (hạ giá để giành khách)

    A price war between ride-hailing apps delighted passengers but left drivers earning less per trip.

    Hay đi với: start/trigger a price war; a price war BETWEEN firms.

  • profit marginCollocation

    biên lợi nhuận

    Small grocery stores survive on a thin profit margin, so a rise in rent can wipe out their earnings.

    Hay đi với: a thin/narrow/healthy profit margin; squeeze profit margins.

  • bankruptcy/ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/danh từ

    sự phá sản

    Unpaid medical bills can push a family into bankruptcy, even if both parents are working.

    Hay đi với: face/declare/file for bankruptcy. Tính từ: bankrupt.

    file for bankruptcy · declare bankruptcy · on the verge of bankruptcy

  • merger/ˈmɜːdʒə/danh từ

    sự sáp nhập (các công ty)

    The merger of two regional banks created a lender large enough to compete with foreign rivals.

    a merger BETWEEN/WITH a company. Hay gặp: mergers and acquisitions (M&A).

    a proposed merger · mergers and acquisitions

  • shareholder/ˈʃeəhəʊldə/danh từ

    cổ đông

    Each shareholder receives a vote at the annual meeting, although large investors carry far more weight.

    Anh-Mỹ hay dùng stockholder. Hay đi với: majority/minority shareholder.

    majority shareholder · minority shareholder

  • share priceCollocation

    giá cổ phiếu

    The company's share price plunged after it admitted that its sales figures had been exaggerated.

    Hay đi với: share price rises/falls/plunges/soars.

  • asset/ˈæset/danh từ

    tài sản

    For most families, the home is the single most valuable asset they will ever own.

    Đếm được. Trái nghĩa: liability. Nghĩa bóng: người/điều quý giá (an asset to the team).

    valuable asset · fixed assets · asset value

  • capital/ˈkæpɪtl/danh từ

    vốn (tiền, tài sản dùng để kinh doanh)

    Without enough capital to buy new machinery, the workshop could not take on larger orders.

    Không đếm được với nghĩa vốn. Hay đi với: raise/invest/attract capital.

    raise capital · foreign capital · start-up capital

  • stock market crashCollocation

    sự sụp đổ của thị trường chứng khoán

    A stock market crash can wipe out years of savings for families who invested everything in shares.

    crash = lao dốc đột ngột. Hay đi với: suffer/survive a stock market crash.

  • manufacturing/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərɪŋ/danh từ

    ngành sản xuất, chế tạo

    Manufacturing remains a major employer in industrial zones around Hanoi, especially in electronics and textiles.

    Không đếm được. Hay đi với: manufacturing sector/industry/jobs.

    manufacturing sector · manufacturing jobs

  • heavy industryCollocation

    công nghiệp nặng

    Cities that once depended on heavy industry have had to reinvent themselves as centres of tourism and services.

    Không đếm được. Trái nghĩa: light industry. Ví dụ: thép, đóng tàu.

  • service sectorCollocation

    khu vực dịch vụ, ngành dịch vụ

    As incomes rise, the service sector usually grows faster than agriculture or factory work.

    Thường có the. Gần nghĩa: tertiary sector (du lịch, ngân hàng, bán lẻ…).

  • retail/ˈriːteɪl/danh từ

    ngành bán lẻ, sự bán lẻ

    Online shopping has transformed retail, forcing traditional shops to offer experiences rather than just products.

    Không đếm được. Người/công ty bán lẻ: retailer.

    retail sector · retail price · retail sales

  • wholesale/ˈhəʊlseɪl/tính từ

    (thuộc) bán buôn, bán sỉ

    Wholesale prices for vegetables doubled after the floods, and supermarkets soon passed the increase on to shoppers.

    Trái nghĩa: retail. Cũng là trạng từ: buy/sell wholesale. Nghĩa bóng: hàng loạt (wholesale changes).

    wholesale prices · wholesale market

  • logistics/ləˈdʒɪstɪks/danh từ

    hậu cần (vận chuyển, kho bãi, phân phối hàng)

    Improved logistics, from cold storage to faster ports, have helped Vietnamese fruit reach distant markets fresh.

    Không thêm s: logistics đã có s. Cụm thường dùng: transport logistics, logistics network.

    logistics costs · logistics company

  • repay/rɪˈpeɪ/động từ

    trả lại, hoàn trả (tiền vay)

    Small farmers struggle to repay loans when a single bad harvest wipes out their income.

    Quá khứ: repaid. Trang trọng hơn pay back. Danh từ: repayment.

    repay a loan · repay debts

  • diversify/daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ/động từ

    đa dạng hóa (sản phẩm, nguồn thu)

    Coffee-growing provinces are being encouraged to diversify into tourism to protect themselves against falling bean prices.

    diversify INTO sth. Danh từ: diversification.

    diversify the economy · diversify into new markets

  • allocate/ˈæləkeɪt/động từ

    phân bổ, cấp (tiền, nguồn lực)

    Local authorities must decide how to allocate a shrinking budget between schools, roads and care homes.

    allocate sth TO/FOR sb/sth. Danh từ: allocation.

    allocate funds · allocate resources

  • economical/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/tính từ

    tiết kiệm, kinh tế (ít tốn tiền, nhiên liệu)

    Small electric scooters are far more economical than cars for short trips across a crowded city.

    economical = tiết kiệm; economic = thuộc kinh tế. Hay gặp: economical to run.

    economical to run · economical with money

  • prosperous/ˈprɒspərəs/tính từ

    thịnh vượng, phồn vinh

    Fishing villages along the coast have become prosperous towns thanks to tourism and seafood exports.

    Danh từ: prosperity. Hay đi với: a prosperous economy/region/future.

    a prosperous region · a prosperous future

  • cost-effective/ˌkɒstɪˈfektɪv/tính từ

    hiệu quả về chi phí

    Planting mangroves is often a more cost-effective way to protect the coast than building concrete sea walls.

    Danh từ: cost-effectiveness. Hay đi với: a cost-effective solution/way.

    a cost-effective solution · highly cost-effective

  • overpriced/ˌəʊvəˈpraɪst/tính từ

    bị bán đắt quá mức, đắt hơn giá trị thật

    Tourists often complain that food near famous landmarks is overpriced and poor in quality.

    Mang nghĩa chê. Gần nghĩa: too expensive, a rip-off (thân mật).

    grossly overpriced · overpriced goods

  • cut backPhrasal verb

    cắt giảm (chi tiêu, sản xuất)

    When petrol prices soared, families in the suburbs had to cut back on weekend trips to the city.

    cut back ON sth. Danh từ: cutback(s). Gần nghĩa: cut down on.

  • pay offPhrasal verb

    trả hết (nợ)

    It took the couple almost ten years to pay off the loan for their small grocery shop.

    pay off a debt/loan/mortgage. Nghĩa khác: thành công, đem lại kết quả (the risk paid off).

  • go underPhrasal verb

    phá sản, sập tiệm

    Dozens of family-run bookshops could go under if online giants keep slashing prices.

    Thân mật hơn go bankrupt. Quá khứ: went under.

  • break evenCụm từ

    hòa vốn

    The new cinema needs to sell at least two hundred tickets a night just to break even.

    Không có tân ngữ. Danh từ/tính từ: break-even (the break-even point).

  • boom/buːm/danh từ

    sự bùng nổ, thời kỳ phát triển mạnh

    The tourism boom brought new hotels to the island, but it also drove up rents for local families.

    a boom IN sth. Trái nghĩa: slump, bust. Cũng là động từ: business is booming.

    economic boom · property boom · a boom in tourism

  • free marketCollocation

    thị trường tự do

    Supporters of the free market argue that competition, not regulation, delivers lower prices and better products.

    Khi làm tính từ thì có gạch nối: a free-market economy.

  • black marketCollocation

    chợ đen

    Strict limits on foreign currency often push people to change money on the black market.

    Thường dùng: ON the black market. Gần nghĩa: the underground economy.

  • supply chainCollocation

    chuỗi cung ứng

    A single blocked port can disrupt the supply chain and leave shop shelves empty for weeks.

    Hay đi với: disrupt/strengthen the supply chain; supply chain disruption.

  • consumer goodsCollocation

    hàng tiêu dùng

    As household incomes rise, demand for consumer goods such as fridges and motorbikes grows quickly.

    Luôn số nhiều. Mở rộng: fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG).

  • cash flowCollocation

    dòng tiền

    Even a profitable shop can collapse if poor cash flow leaves it unable to pay suppliers on time.

    Không đếm được. Hay đi với: cash flow problems; improve cash flow.

  • invoice/ˈɪnvɔɪs/danh từ

    hóa đơn (gửi để đòi thanh toán)

    Freelancers often wait months before a client finally pays an invoice.

    Hay đi với: send/issue/pay an invoice. Cũng là động từ: invoice a client.

    send an invoice · pay an invoice · an unpaid invoice

  • value added taxCollocation

    thuế giá trị gia tăng (VAT)

    Cutting value added tax on basic food would ease the burden on low-income households.

    Viết tắt: VAT. Cũng hay viết value-added tax.

  • central bankCollocation

    ngân hàng trung ương

    A central bank may raise interest rates to cool an overheating economy and keep prices stable.

    Ở Việt Nam là Ngân hàng Nhà nước (the State Bank of Vietnam).

  • commercial bankCollocation

    ngân hàng thương mại

    Opening an account at a commercial bank is the first step for many workers moving from cash to digital payments.

    Phân biệt với central bank (ngân hàng trung ương) và investment bank (ngân hàng đầu tư).

  • pension fundCollocation

    quỹ hưu trí

    A well-managed pension fund invests workers' contributions so that they have a reliable income in old age.

    Hay đi với: pay into/contribute to a pension fund.

  • entrepreneurship/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːʃɪp/danh từ

    tinh thần khởi nghiệp, hoạt động kinh doanh

    Universities can encourage entrepreneurship by giving students small grants to test their business ideas.

    Không đếm được. Người khởi nghiệp: entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/.

    encourage entrepreneurship · youth entrepreneurship

  • franchise/ˈfræntʃaɪz/danh từ

    quyền kinh doanh nhượng quyền; cửa hàng nhượng quyền

    Buying a franchise lets new owners use a famous name, but they must follow strict rules and pay regular fees.

    Bên nhận nhượng quyền: franchisee; bên nhượng quyền: franchisor.

    buy a franchise · run a franchise · franchise fee

  • branding/ˈbrændɪŋ/danh từ

    việc xây dựng thương hiệu

    Clever branding can turn an ordinary bottle of water into a product people proudly carry around.

    Không đếm được. brand là thương hiệu; branding là quá trình tạo hình ảnh cho nó.

    strong branding · branding strategy

  • market researchCollocation

    nghiên cứu thị trường

    Market research showed that office workers wanted healthier lunches, so the café redesigned its menu.

    Không đếm được. Hay đi với: carry out/conduct market research.

  • labour costCollocation

    chi phí nhân công

    In garment factories, labour cost often accounts for a larger share of expenses than machinery or rent.

    Thường dùng số nhiều: labour costs. Chính tả Mỹ: labor cost.

  • fixed costCollocation

    chi phí cố định

    Rent is a fixed cost, so the shop pays the same amount whether it serves ten customers or a thousand.

    Trái nghĩa: variable cost (chi phí biến đổi).

  • running costsCollocation

    chi phí vận hành

    Electric buses cost more to buy, but their running costs are much lower than those of diesel vehicles.

    Luôn số nhiều. Dùng cho xe cộ, máy móc, tòa nhà, doanh nghiệp.

  • economic sanctionsCollocation

    các biện pháp trừng phạt kinh tế

    Economic sanctions are meant to pressure governments, yet ordinary citizens often suffer the most.

    Thường số nhiều. Hay đi với: impose/lift economic sanctions ON a country.

  • wealth taxCollocation

    thuế tài sản (đánh vào người rất giàu)

    A modest wealth tax could reduce inequality, although critics fear the very rich would simply move abroad.

    Phân biệt với income tax (thuế thu nhập) và property tax (thuế nhà đất).

  • corporation taxCollocation

    thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp

    Countries compete to attract foreign firms by offering lower corporation tax than their neighbours.

    Anh-Mỹ: corporate tax. Hay đi với: cut/raise corporation tax.

  • cost-cutting/ˈkɒstkʌtɪŋ/danh từ

    việc cắt giảm chi phí

    Aggressive cost-cutting at the airline led to fewer staff, longer queues and angrier passengers.

    Hay dùng như tính từ: cost-cutting measures/plan.

    cost-cutting measures · a cost-cutting drive

  • merge/mɜːdʒ/động từ

    sáp nhập, hợp nhất

    Two struggling airlines agreed to merge in the hope of cutting costs and sharing routes.

    merge WITH sth; merge A and B. Danh từ: merger.

    merge with a rival · merge two companies

  • forecast/ˈfɔːkɑːst/động từ

    dự báo

    Few economists managed to forecast how quickly prices would rise after the pandemic.

    Quá khứ: forecast hoặc forecasted. Cũng là danh từ: an economic forecast.

    forecast growth · economic forecast

  • haggle/ˈhæɡl/động từ

    mặc cả, trả giá

    At traditional markets in Vietnam, shoppers are expected to haggle, while supermarket prices are fixed.

    haggle OVER/ABOUT the price; haggle WITH sb. Gần nghĩa: bargain.

    haggle over the price · haggle with traders

  • state-funded/ˌsteɪtˈfʌndɪd/tính từ

    do nhà nước tài trợ, cấp kinh phí

    State-funded childcare could allow more mothers to return to work and boost household incomes.

    Gần nghĩa: publicly funded, government-funded. Trái nghĩa: privately funded.

    state-funded schools · state-funded healthcare

  • thriving/ˈθraɪvɪŋ/tính từ

    phát đạt, thịnh vượng, sôi động

    A thriving night market can create jobs for dozens of street vendors and attract visitors from across the city.

    Động từ: thrive (phát triển mạnh). Hay đi với: a thriving business/economy/community.

    a thriving business · a thriving economy

  • pull out ofPhrasal verb

    rút khỏi (thị trường, thỏa thuận, dự án)

    Several foreign investors decided to pull out of the project after the rules on land ownership changed.

    pull out of a market/deal/country. Danh từ: pull-out.

  • pour money intoCollocation

    đổ tiền vào, rót nhiều vốn vào

    Rather than pour money into new stadiums, the city could fund better public transport.

    Nhấn mạnh số tiền lớn, đôi khi có ý phung phí. Cấu trúc: pour money into sth.

  • sell offPhrasal verb

    bán bớt, bán tháo (tài sản, bộ phận kinh doanh)

    To repay its debts, the group had to sell off its hotels and keep only the core airline business.

    sell off assets/land. Danh từ: sell-off (cũng chỉ đợt bán tháo cổ phiếu).

  • branch outPhrasal verb

    mở rộng sang lĩnh vực mới

    After years of selling only noodles, the company decided to branch out into frozen ready meals.

    branch out INTO sth. Gần nghĩa: diversify.

  • tighten the beltThành ngữ

    thắt lưng buộc bụng, chi tiêu dè sẻn

    When export orders dried up, the provincial government had to tighten the belt and postpone several road projects.

    Hay gặp dạng: tighten one's belt (tighten our/their belts).

  • in the redThành ngữ

    bị lỗ, đang thâm hụt, mắc nợ

    The family restaurant has been in the red for months, and the owners are running out of savings.

    Trái nghĩa: in the black. Hay đi với: be/go/stay in the red.

  • in the blackThành ngữ

    có lãi, không mắc nợ

    Thanks to a busy holiday season, the struggling hotel finally finished the year in the black.

    Trái nghĩa: in the red. Gốc từ màu mực ghi sổ kế toán.

  • money talksThành ngữ

    đồng tiền có sức mạnh, có tiền là có quyền

    Local residents opposed the new resort, but money talks, and the developers eventually got their permit.

    Thân mật, thường hàm ý mỉa mai: người giàu dễ đạt được điều họ muốn.

C1 · IELTS 7.0–8.0 90 từ

  • purchasing powerCollocation

    sức mua

    Inflation reduces the purchasing power of people on fixed incomes.

  • prosperity/prɒˈsperəti/danh từ

    sự thịnh vượng

    Peace and stability are essential for long-term prosperity.

    Tính từ: prosperous.

  • outsource/ˈaʊtsɔːs/động từ

    thuê ngoài (chuyển việc cho đơn vị khác)

    Many companies outsource customer service to cut their costs.

    Danh từ: outsourcing.

  • interdependent/ˌɪntədɪˈpendənt/tính từ

    phụ thuộc lẫn nhau

    National economies have become increasingly interdependent.

  • affluent/ˈæfluənt/tính từ

    giàu có, sung túc

    Affluent neighbourhoods usually have better schools and parks.

    Trang trọng hơn rich. Danh từ: affluence.

  • trade barrierCollocation

    rào cản thương mại

    Removing trade barriers helps small exporters reach new markets.

  • sweatshop/ˈswetʃɒp/danh từ

    xưởng bóc lột sức lao động

    Cheap fashion is often produced in sweatshops with unsafe conditions.

  • deflation/diːˈfleɪʃn/danh từ

    giảm phát (mặt bằng giá giảm kéo dài)

    Although falling prices sound attractive, prolonged deflation can persuade consumers to postpone purchases and stall growth.

    Không đếm được. Trái nghĩa: inflation (lạm phát).

    a period of deflation · persistent deflation

  • upturn/ˈʌptɜːn/danh từ

    sự khởi sắc, sự đi lên (của kinh tế, doanh số)

    Retailers are hoping that the expected upturn in tourism will finally bring customers back to the high street.

    an upturn IN sth. Trái nghĩa: downturn.

    an upturn in demand · economic upturn

  • business cycleCollocation

    chu kỳ kinh doanh (chu kỳ tăng trưởng và suy giảm)

    Construction firms are especially exposed to the business cycle because new projects freeze as soon as credit tightens.

    Còn gọi: economic cycle. Các pha thường nhắc: boom, recession, recovery.

  • fiscal policyCollocation

    chính sách tài khóa (thuế và chi tiêu công)

    Through fiscal policy, a government can lower taxes or raise public spending to revive a weak economy.

    Phân biệt với monetary policy (chính sách tiền tệ, do ngân hàng trung ương điều hành).

  • monetary policyCollocation

    chính sách tiền tệ

    Tighter monetary policy usually means higher borrowing costs for both businesses and homebuyers.

    Điều hành qua lãi suất và cung tiền. Hay đi với: tighten/loosen monetary policy.

  • devaluation/ˌdiːvæljuˈeɪʃn/danh từ

    sự phá giá (đồng tiền)

    A sharp devaluation of the currency can boost exports while making imported medicine far more expensive.

    devaluation OF a currency. Động từ: devalue.

    currency devaluation · a sharp devaluation

  • austerity/ɒˈsterəti/danh từ

    chính sách thắt lưng buộc bụng (cắt giảm chi tiêu công)

    Years of austerity left public hospitals understaffed and waiting lists longer than ever.

    Không đếm được. Hay đi với: austerity measures, a period of austerity.

    austerity measures · austerity programme

  • stimulus packageCollocation

    gói kích thích kinh tế

    The stimulus package offered tax relief to small firms and funded new roads in rural districts.

    Hay đi với: launch/approve/unveil a stimulus package.

  • tax avoidanceCollocation

    sự tránh thuế, lách thuế (hợp pháp)

    Although tax avoidance is often legal, critics argue that it undermines public trust in large corporations.

    Hợp pháp nhưng hay bị chỉ trích về đạo đức. Đừng nhầm với tax evasion (trốn thuế).

  • import quotaCollocation

    hạn ngạch nhập khẩu

    An import quota on sugar may raise domestic prices, potentially helping farmers while increasing costs for consumers.

    quota là giới hạn số lượng. Hay đi với: set/impose/lift an import quota.

  • cartel/kɑːˈtel/danh từ

    các-ten (nhóm công ty cấu kết để thao túng giá)

    Regulators fined a cartel of cement producers for secretly agreeing to keep prices high.

    Nghĩa tiêu cực. Hay gặp: a price-fixing cartel. Cũng dùng cho đường dây ma túy.

    price-fixing cartel · oil cartel

  • deregulation/ˌdiːreɡjuˈleɪʃn/danh từ

    sự bãi bỏ, nới lỏng quy định (của nhà nước)

    Deregulation of the airline industry brought cheaper fares but also tighter seats and hidden fees.

    deregulation OF an industry. Động từ: deregulate.

    financial deregulation · market deregulation

  • nationalisation/ˌnæʃnəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/danh từ

    sự quốc hữu hóa

    After repeated blackouts, some voters began calling for the nationalisation of the private energy firms.

    Trái nghĩa: privatisation. Chính tả Mỹ: nationalization.

    the nationalisation of the railways · full nationalisation

  • price indexCollocation

    chỉ số giá

    The consumer price index shows how quickly the cost of everyday goods is rising.

    Phổ biến nhất: consumer price index (CPI, chỉ số giá tiêu dùng).

  • overheads/ˈəʊvəhedz/danh từ

    chi phí chung (tiền thuê, điện nước, lương văn phòng…)

    Moving the office online helped the start-up cut its overheads and keep prices competitive.

    Anh-Anh dùng số nhiều overheads; Anh-Mỹ: overhead.

    cut overheads · high overheads · low overheads

  • break-even pointCollocation

    điểm hòa vốn

    Most new restaurants need at least a year to reach the break-even point.

    Hay đi với: reach/hit the break-even point. Cụm động từ liên quan: break even.

  • insolvency/ɪnˈsɒlvənsi/danh từ

    tình trạng mất khả năng thanh toán nợ

    Rising energy bills have pushed several small manufacturers to the brink of insolvency this winter.

    Trang trọng hơn bankruptcy. Tính từ: insolvent. Trái nghĩa: solvency.

    face insolvency · the brink of insolvency

  • liquidation/ˌlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃn/danh từ

    sự thanh lý, giải thể (công ty để trả nợ)

    Once the furniture chain went into liquidation, its stores were emptied and the staff lost their jobs overnight.

    go into liquidation = bị giải thể. Động từ: liquidate.

    go into liquidation · voluntary liquidation

  • acquisition/ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/danh từ

    thương vụ mua lại (công ty)

    The delivery firm's acquisition of a struggling rival brought it thousands of new customers in a single deal.

    acquisition OF a company. Động từ: acquire. Nghĩa khác: sự tiếp thu (language acquisition).

    make an acquisition · a major acquisition

  • takeover bidCollocation

    lời đề nghị thâu tóm (mua lại quyền kiểm soát công ty)

    Shareholders rejected the takeover bid because they believed the offer undervalued the company.

    Hay đi với: launch/make/reject a takeover bid. Mở rộng: a hostile takeover.

  • venture capitalCollocation

    vốn đầu tư mạo hiểm

    Many tech start-ups rely on venture capital in their early years because banks consider them too risky to lend to.

    Không đếm được. Nhà đầu tư: venture capitalist. Hay đi với: raise venture capital.

  • dividend/ˈdɪvɪdend/danh từ

    cổ tức

    Retired investors often prefer firms that pay a steady dividend rather than those chasing rapid growth.

    Hay đi với: pay/receive a dividend. Thành ngữ: pay dividends (mang lại lợi ích về sau).

    pay a dividend · dividend payment

  • government bondCollocation

    trái phiếu chính phủ

    Cautious savers often choose a government bond because the return is modest but almost guaranteed.

    Hay đi với: issue/buy government bonds. Lợi suất trái phiếu: bond yield.

  • liability/ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/danh từ

    khoản nợ phải trả (trong kế toán)

    On a balance sheet, every loan the firm has taken out is recorded as a liability.

    Trái nghĩa: asset. Nghĩa khác: trách nhiệm pháp lý (liability FOR sth).

    tax liability · current liabilities

  • speculation/ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn/danh từ

    sự đầu cơ

    Property speculation has pushed flat prices in some districts far beyond what local workers can afford.

    Nghĩa khác: sự suy đoán (speculation ABOUT sth). Động từ: speculate.

    property speculation · land speculation · currency speculation

  • asset bubbleCollocation

    bong bóng tài sản (giá bị thổi phồng quá giá trị thật)

    When land prices rise much faster than incomes, economists warn of an asset bubble that could burst.

    Hay đi với: an asset bubble forms/bursts. Gần nghĩa: property bubble.

  • credit crunchCollocation

    khủng hoảng tín dụng (ngân hàng siết cho vay)

    During the credit crunch, even profitable firms struggled to borrow money for everyday operations.

    Thường dùng với the. Gần nghĩa: credit squeeze.

  • bailout/ˈbeɪlaʊt/danh từ

    gói cứu trợ tài chính

    Taxpayers were furious that a bailout rescued the banks while ordinary homeowners lost everything.

    Danh từ viết liền bailout; cụm động từ viết rời: bail out.

    a government bailout · bailout package

  • primary sectorCollocation

    khu vực sơ cấp (nông, lâm, ngư nghiệp, khai khoáng)

    Developing regions often rely on the primary sector, exporting rice, rubber and coal with little added value.

    Ba khu vực: primary (khai thác), secondary (chế biến, sản xuất), tertiary (dịch vụ).

  • stagnate/stæɡˈneɪt/động từ

    trì trệ, đình trệ

    Wages tend to stagnate when companies invest little in training or new technology.

    Danh từ: stagnation. Tính từ: stagnant (stagnant wages).

    wages stagnate · the economy stagnates

  • levy/ˈlevi/động từ

    đánh (thuế), thu (phí)

    Some cities levy a small charge on hotel guests to fund the upkeep of historic sites.

    levy a tax ON sth. Cũng là danh từ: a levy (khoản thuế, phí).

    levy a tax · levy a fine

  • privatise/ˈpraɪvətaɪz/động từ

    tư nhân hóa

    Critics fear that plans to privatise the water supply will lead to higher bills for poorer households.

    Chính tả Mỹ: privatize. Trái nghĩa: nationalise.

    privatise state firms · privatise the railways

  • speculate/ˈspekjuleɪt/động từ

    đầu cơ

    Investors who speculate on land near planned airports hope to sell at a huge profit.

    speculate ON/IN sth (đầu cơ). Nghĩa khác: suy đoán (speculate about sth).

    speculate on property · speculate in shares

  • undercut/ˌʌndəˈkʌt/động từ

    bán rẻ hơn, hạ giá thấp hơn (đối thủ)

    Online sellers can undercut local shops because they avoid paying expensive high-street rents.

    Quá khứ: undercut. Nghĩa khác: làm suy yếu (undercut sb's authority).

    undercut competitors · undercut prices

  • outstrip/ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/động từ

    vượt quá, vượt xa

    In many big cities, house prices continue to outstrip wages, locking young people out of ownership.

    Hay gặp: demand outstrips supply (cầu vượt cung).

    demand outstrips supply · outstrip growth

  • impoverished/ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt/tính từ

    nghèo khó, bị bần cùng hóa

    Factory closures left once-busy mining towns impoverished, with few jobs for young people.

    Trang trọng hơn poor. Hay đi với: impoverished communities/areas.

    impoverished communities · impoverished rural areas

  • lucrative/ˈluːkrətɪv/tính từ

    sinh lời cao, béo bở

    Exporting durian to wealthier markets has become a lucrative business for farmers in the Mekong Delta.

    Trang trọng hơn profitable. Hay đi với: a lucrative contract/market/career.

    a lucrative market · a lucrative contract

  • volatile/ˈvɒlətaɪl/tính từ

    biến động thất thường (giá cả, thị trường)

    Farmers dislike volatile coffee prices because they cannot plan how much to invest each season.

    Anh-Anh đọc /ˈvɒlətaɪl/, Anh-Mỹ /ˈvɑːlətl/. Danh từ: volatility.

    volatile markets · volatile prices

  • sluggish/ˈslʌɡɪʃ/tính từ

    trì trệ, chậm chạp (tăng trưởng, nhu cầu)

    Sluggish demand for new cars has forced dealers to offer generous discounts and free servicing.

    Hay đi với: sluggish growth/demand/sales.

    sluggish growth · sluggish demand

  • buoyant/ˈbɔɪənt/tính từ

    khởi sắc, sôi động (thị trường, nhu cầu)

    A buoyant housing market can make homeowners feel richer and more willing to spend.

    Nghĩa gốc: nổi trên mặt nước. Hay đi với: buoyant demand/economy/sales.

    buoyant demand · a buoyant economy

  • inflationary/ɪnˈfleɪʃənri/tính từ

    gây lạm phát

    Printing money to pay for public projects can have an inflationary effect on everyday prices.

    Hay đi với: inflationary pressure(s)/effect. Danh từ: inflation.

    inflationary pressure · inflationary effect

  • overvalued/ˌəʊvəˈvæljuːd/tính từ

    bị định giá quá cao

    Analysts warned that technology shares were overvalued long before the market finally corrected.

    Dùng cho cổ phiếu, tiền tệ, tài sản. Trái nghĩa: undervalued.

    an overvalued currency · overvalued shares

  • run upPhrasal verb

    để nợ chồng chất, tích lũy (nợ, hóa đơn)

    Some students run up huge credit card debts in their first year away from home.

    run up debts/a bill. Quá khứ: ran up. Sắc thái tiêu cực.

  • bail outPhrasal verb

    cứu trợ tài chính (công ty, ngân hàng)

    Should taxpayers be asked to bail out airlines that paid huge bonuses to their executives?

    bail sb/sth out. Danh từ: bailout (viết liền).

  • write offPhrasal verb

    xóa (nợ); ghi nhận là khoản mất trắng

    Richer nations have been urged to write off the debts of the poorest countries to free money for health care.

    write off a debt/loan. Danh từ: write-off. Nghĩa khác: coi ai/cái gì là thất bại.

  • scale backPhrasal verb

    thu hẹp, cắt giảm quy mô

    Faced with falling orders, the factory decided to scale back production and offer staff shorter shifts.

    scale back sth / scale sth back. Gần nghĩa: cut back. Trái nghĩa: scale up.

  • slump/slʌmp/danh từ

    sự sụt giảm mạnh, thời kỳ đình đốn

    A sudden slump in rice prices left many farmers unable to repay what they owed.

    a slump IN sth. Cũng là động từ: sales slumped. Trái nghĩa: boom.

    a slump in sales · economic slump

  • economies of scaleCollocation

    lợi thế kinh tế nhờ quy mô

    Large supermarkets benefit from economies of scale, buying in such volume that small shops cannot match their prices.

    Luôn số nhiều. Hay đi với: achieve/benefit from economies of scale.

  • market forcesCollocation

    các lực lượng thị trường (cung cầu tự điều tiết)

    Leaving housing entirely to market forces may produce luxury flats but very few affordable homes.

    Thường số nhiều. Hay gặp: leave sth to market forces.

  • commodity/kəˈmɒdəti/danh từ

    hàng hóa cơ bản (gạo, dầu, cà phê, kim loại…)

    Rice is a vital commodity for Vietnam, and a poor harvest affects both exports and food prices at home.

    Đếm được. Hay đi với: commodity prices, a valuable commodity.

    commodity prices · a valuable commodity

  • turnover/ˈtɜːnəʊvə/danh từ

    doanh thu

    The bakery's turnover doubled after it began selling cakes through delivery apps.

    Nghĩa khác: tỷ lệ nghỉ việc (staff turnover). Gần nghĩa: revenue.

    annual turnover · staff turnover

  • working capitalCollocation

    vốn lưu động

    Without sufficient working capital, a factory may win a large order and still be unable to buy the materials.

    Không đếm được. Là vốn để chi trả hoạt động hằng ngày.

  • balance sheetCollocation

    bảng cân đối kế toán

    A healthy balance sheet reassures investors that the company owns more than it owes.

    Liệt kê tài sản (assets) và nợ (liabilities) tại một thời điểm.

  • audit/ˈɔːdɪt/danh từ

    cuộc kiểm toán

    An independent audit revealed that public money had been spent on projects that were never completed.

    Cũng là động từ: audit the accounts. Người kiểm toán: auditor.

    carry out an audit · an independent audit

  • bookkeeping/ˈbʊkkiːpɪŋ/danh từ

    việc ghi chép sổ sách kế toán

    Simple bookkeeping apps let street vendors track daily sales without hiring professional help.

    Không đếm được. Người làm: bookkeeper. Đơn giản hơn accounting.

    basic bookkeeping · bookkeeping software

  • excise dutyCollocation

    thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt

    Raising excise duty on sugary drinks could cut consumption and fund public health campaigns.

    Đánh vào rượu, thuốc lá, xăng dầu… Gần nghĩa: excise tax.

  • foreign reservesCollocation

    dự trữ ngoại hối

    Healthy foreign reserves allow a country to defend its currency when investors suddenly pull money out.

    Luôn số nhiều. Gần nghĩa: foreign exchange reserves.

  • sovereign wealth fundCollocation

    quỹ tài sản quốc gia (quỹ đầu tư của nhà nước)

    Oil-rich states often save their surplus revenue in a sovereign wealth fund for future generations.

    sovereign = thuộc quốc gia có chủ quyền. Quỹ do chính phủ sở hữu, thường đầu tư ra nước ngoài.

  • hedge fundCollocation

    quỹ phòng hộ (quỹ đầu tư rủi ro cao)

    Critics accuse hedge fund managers of profiting from market chaos while contributing little to the real economy.

    Dành cho nhà đầu tư giàu có. hedge = phòng ngừa rủi ro.

  • stakeholder/ˈsteɪkhəʊldə/danh từ

    bên liên quan (người có quyền lợi gắn với tổ chức, dự án)

    Before closing the mine, the company met every stakeholder, from workers to local farmers, to discuss compensation.

    Rộng hơn shareholder (cổ đông): gồm cả nhân viên, khách hàng, cộng đồng.

    key stakeholder · consult stakeholders

  • sole traderCollocation

    người kinh doanh cá thể (một chủ, tự chịu trách nhiệm)

    As a sole trader, a hairdresser keeps all the profit but is personally responsible for any debts.

    Dùng ở Anh; Anh-Mỹ: sole proprietor.

  • wage billCollocation

    tổng chi phí tiền lương (của một tổ chức)

    Restaurants have seen their wage bill climb since the minimum wage was raised.

    Hay đi với: cut/reduce the wage bill. Gần nghĩa: payroll costs.

  • unit costCollocation

    chi phí trên mỗi đơn vị sản phẩm

    Producing in larger batches brings the unit cost down, which is why big factories can sell more cheaply.

    Gắn với economies of scale: sản xuất càng nhiều, unit cost càng thấp.

  • windfall taxCollocation

    thuế đánh vào lợi nhuận đột biến

    A windfall tax on energy companies could help fund support for households struggling with heating bills.

    windfall = khoản lợi bất ngờ. Hay đi với: impose a windfall tax ON sth.

  • economic indicatorCollocation

    chỉ số kinh tế

    Unemployment is a key economic indicator because it reveals how many people are being left behind.

    Ví dụ: GDP, lạm phát, tỷ lệ thất nghiệp. Hay đi với: a key/leading economic indicator.

  • float/fləʊt/động từ

    niêm yết, phát hành cổ phiếu (công ty) lần đầu ra công chúng

    The founders plan to float the company on the stock exchange to raise money for expansion.

    float a company ON the stock exchange. Nghĩa khác: thả nổi tỷ giá (float a currency).

    float a company · float on the stock exchange

  • liquidate/ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt/động từ

    thanh lý, giải thể (công ty để trả nợ)

    Creditors forced the owners to liquidate the business and sell its machinery to cover the debts.

    Danh từ: liquidation. Nghĩa khác: bán tài sản lấy tiền mặt (liquidate assets).

    liquidate a company · liquidate assets

  • devalue/ˌdiːˈvæljuː/động từ

    phá giá (đồng tiền)

    Governments sometimes devalue the currency to make exports cheaper, but imports then become more expensive.

    Danh từ: devaluation. Nghĩa khác: hạ thấp giá trị (devalue sb's work).

    devalue the currency · devalue a qualification

  • deregulate/ˌdiːˈreɡjuleɪt/động từ

    bãi bỏ quy định, nới lỏng kiểm soát (ngành, thị trường)

    Plans to deregulate the taxi industry delighted app companies but angered traditional drivers.

    Danh từ: deregulation. Trái nghĩa: regulate.

    deregulate the market · deregulate an industry

  • squander/ˈskwɒndə/động từ

    phung phí, lãng phí (tiền, cơ hội)

    It would be tragic to squander the wealth from oil exports on prestige projects that benefit only a few.

    squander sth ON sth. Mạnh hơn waste.

    squander money · squander an opportunity

  • hoard/hɔːd/động từ

    tích trữ, găm hàng

    Rumours of a shortage led some shoppers to hoard rice and cooking oil, emptying shelves within hours.

    Phát âm giống horde. Cũng là danh từ: a hoard of cash.

    hoard food · hoard cash

  • insolvent/ɪnˈsɒlvənt/tính từ

    mất khả năng thanh toán nợ

    The developer was declared insolvent, leaving hundreds of buyers with unfinished flats.

    Trang trọng hơn bankrupt. Trái nghĩa: solvent. Hay gặp: be declared insolvent.

    declared insolvent · become insolvent

  • debt-ridden/ˈdetrɪdn/tính từ

    nợ nần chồng chất

    Investors are unwilling to lend more money to a debt-ridden company with falling sales.

    -ridden = đầy rẫy (sắc thái tiêu cực): crime-ridden, debt-ridden.

    a debt-ridden company · debt-ridden economies

  • cash-strapped/ˈkæʃstræpt/tính từ

    thiếu tiền, kẹt tiền

    Cash-strapped councils have closed libraries and cut bus routes to balance their budgets.

    Hay dùng trên báo chí. Gần nghĩa: short of money.

    cash-strapped councils · cash-strapped families

  • labour-intensive/ˌleɪbərɪnˈtensɪv/tính từ

    cần nhiều lao động

    Garment making remains labour-intensive, which is why it often moves to countries with lower wages.

    Trái nghĩa: capital-intensive. Chính tả Mỹ: labor-intensive.

    labour-intensive industries · labour-intensive work

  • capital-intensive/ˌkæpɪtlɪnˈtensɪv/tính từ

    cần nhiều vốn

    Building a steel plant is capital-intensive, requiring huge sums before a single tonne is produced.

    Trái nghĩa: labour-intensive.

    capital-intensive industries · capital-intensive projects

  • recession-hit/rɪˈseʃnhɪt/tính từ

    bị suy thoái kinh tế tác động nặng

    Recession-hit towns need retraining schemes, not just promises that the old factories will return.

    -hit = bị ảnh hưởng nặng bởi: flood-hit, drought-hit, recession-hit.

    recession-hit towns · recession-hit economies

  • cash in onPhrasal verb

    lợi dụng (tình huống, cơ hội) để kiếm tiền

    Souvenir sellers quickly cash in on every major festival by doubling their prices.

    Thường hơi tiêu cực. Hay gặp: cash in on the popularity/success of sth.

  • plough backPhrasal verb

    tái đầu tư (lợi nhuận vào chính doanh nghiệp)

    Successful family firms often plough back most of their profits instead of paying big dividends.

    plough profits back INTO the business. Chính tả Mỹ: plow back.

  • the bottom lineThành ngữ

    lợi nhuận (kết quả tài chính cuối cùng); điều cốt lõi

    Shareholders care mostly about the bottom line, so staff training is often the first budget to be cut.

    Nghĩa bóng: điều quan trọng nhất (The bottom line is…). Hay đi với: boost/hurt the bottom line.

  • a cash cowThành ngữ

    nguồn thu béo bở, “con bò sữa” (sinh lời đều đặn)

    The firm's instant coffee range is a cash cow that funds riskier experiments with new drinks.

    Hay gặp: be a cash cow for sb. Đôi khi mang ý bị khai thác quá mức.

  • boom and bustCụm từ

    chu kỳ bùng nổ rồi suy sụp (của nền kinh tế)

    Economies that depend on a single commodity often swing between boom and bust.

    Khi làm tính từ thì có gạch nối: a boom-and-bust cycle.

  • make a killingThành ngữ

    kiếm được bộn tiền (thường rất nhanh)

    Landowners near the planned metro line could make a killing if property prices rise as expected.

    Thân mật. Hay gặp: make a killing ON the stock market / ON sth.