Từ vựng IELTS chủ đề Health (Sức khoẻ)

balanced dietCollocation

chế độ ăn cân bằng

A balanced diet includes plenty of vegetables, fruit and whole grains.

Hay đi với: eat/follow a balanced diet.

mental healthCollocation

sức khoẻ tinh thần

Employers should take their staff's mental health seriously.

Hay đi với: mental health problems/support.

junk foodCollocation

đồ ăn vặt kém dinh dưỡng

Advertising junk food to children should be strictly limited.

Không đếm được: không nói 'a junk food'.

physical activityCollocation

hoạt động thể chất

Adults should do at least some physical activity every day.

medical treatmentCollocation

việc điều trị y tế

Everyone should have access to medical treatment, whatever their income.

Hay đi với: receive/seek medical treatment.

fitness/ˈfɪtnəs/danh từ

thể lực, sự khoẻ mạnh

Regular cycling is a cheap way to improve your fitness.

Hay đi với: physical fitness, fitness level.

overweight/ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/tính từ

thừa cân

Being overweight puts extra strain on the heart and joints.

Nhẹ nhàng hơn obese; hợp Speaking.

recover fromPhrasal verb

hồi phục sau (bệnh, chấn thương)

It can take months to recover from a serious injury.

Danh từ: recovery. make a full recovery = bình phục hoàn toàn.

work outPhrasal verb

tập thể dục

I try to work out three times a week, usually before breakfast.

Thân mật, hợp Speaking. Danh từ: a workout.

waiting listCollocation

danh sách chờ (khám, mổ)

Some patients spend more than a year on a waiting list for a routine knee operation.

Dùng giới từ on: be on a waiting list. Tiếng Anh Mỹ hay nói waitlist.

health insuranceCollocation

bảo hiểm y tế

Without health insurance, a single serious illness can push a family into years of debt.

Không đếm được. Hay đi với: have/buy/take out health insurance; a health insurance card (thẻ BHYT).

side effectCollocation

tác dụng phụ (của thuốc)

Drowsiness is a common side effect of some allergy tablets, so drivers should read the label.

Thường dùng số nhiều: side effects. Hay đi với: have/cause side effects; serious side effects.

allergy/ˈælədʒi/danh từ

dị ứng

Schools now ask parents about any food allergy before children join the lunch programme.

an allergy TO sth. Tính từ: allergic to sth.

a food allergy · a peanut allergy · suffer from an allergy

treatment/ˈtriːtmənt/danh từ

sự điều trị, cách chữa trị

Patients in remote provinces often travel for hours to receive treatment at a central hospital.

treatment FOR a disease. Hay đi với: receive/undergo/respond to treatment.

receive treatment · medical treatment · treatment for cancer

surgery/ˈsɜːdʒəri/danh từ

phẫu thuật, ca mổ

With modern keyhole methods, many patients can walk out of hospital a day after surgery.

Không đếm được khi chỉ việc mổ: have/undergo surgery. Anh: a surgery còn là phòng khám bác sĩ.

undergo surgery · heart surgery · minor surgery

recovery/rɪˈkʌvəri/danh từ

sự hồi phục (sức khoẻ)

A positive attitude and plenty of sleep can speed up recovery after a serious illness.

make a full/quick recovery FROM sth.

make a full recovery · a speedy recovery · recovery from illness

painkiller/ˈpeɪnkɪlə/danh từ

thuốc giảm đau

Reaching for a painkiller every time your back aches may hide a problem that needs proper treatment.

Đếm được. Hay đi với: take a painkiller; strong painkillers. Gần nghĩa: pain relief.

take a painkiller · over-the-counter painkillers · strong painkillers

health checkCollocation

đợt kiểm tra sức khoẻ (định kỳ)

Many companies offer staff a free health check every year to spot problems early.

Gần nghĩa: check-up. Hay đi với: have/go for a health check; a routine health check.

treat/triːt/động từ

điều trị, chữa trị

Doctors can now treat many childhood cancers that were almost always fatal a few decades ago.

treat sb FOR an illness; treat a disease WITH a drug. Danh từ: treatment.

treat a patient · treat an infection · be treated for

recover/rɪˈkʌvə/động từ

hồi phục, khỏi bệnh

Older patients usually need more time to recover from a broken hip than younger ones.

recover FROM an illness/injury. Danh từ: recovery.

recover from an illness · fully recover · recover quickly

prevent/prɪˈvent/động từ

phòng ngừa, ngăn ngừa

Washing hands with soap can prevent a surprising number of stomach infections.

prevent sb/sth FROM doing sth. Danh từ: prevention; tính từ: preventable.

prevent disease · prevent the spread of · help prevent

suffer/ˈsʌfə/động từ

mắc (bệnh), chịu đựng

People who suffer from back pain often find that gentle swimming helps more than bed rest.

suffer FROM an illness; nhưng suffer an injury (không có from).

suffer from asthma · suffer an injury · suffer in silence

cure/kjʊə/động từ

chữa khỏi (bệnh)

Doctors may not be able to cure arthritis, but they can help patients manage the pain and stay active.

cure sb OF sth. Khác treat (điều trị, chưa chắc khỏi). Danh từ: a cure FOR sth.

cure a disease · cure sb of · be completely cured

long-term/ˌlɒŋˈtɜːm/tính từ

lâu dài, dài hạn

Smoking even a few cigarettes a day can cause long-term damage to the lungs.

Đứng trước danh từ: long-term effects. Sau động từ dùng: in the long term.

long-term effects · long-term care · long-term damage

get overPhrasal verb

khỏi (bệnh), vượt qua (cú sốc)

It took my grandmother almost a month to get over a bad bout of pneumonia.

get over + bệnh/cú sốc. Quá khứ: got over. Gần nghĩa: recover from.

give upPhrasal verb

từ bỏ (thói quen)

It is never too late to give up smoking, because the body starts to recover soon after the last cigarette.

give up + V-ing: give up smoking (không nói give up to smoke). Quá khứ: gave up.

put on weightPhrasal verb

tăng cân

Office workers who sit all day and snack at their desks can easily put on weight.

Trái nghĩa: lose weight. Gần nghĩa: gain weight. Không nói put on weights.

in good shapeCụm từ

có thể trạng tốt, khoẻ mạnh

Cycling to work every day keeps my father in good shape even though he is nearly sixty.

Trái nghĩa: out of shape. Cũng nói: in great/bad shape.

nurse/nɜːs/danh từ

y tá, điều dưỡng

Because of staff shortages, a single nurse on the night shift may have to look after an entire ward.

Động từ nurse = chăm sóc người bệnh. Hay gặp: a qualified/student nurse.

a qualified nurse · a student nurse · the nurse on duty

ambulance/ˈæmbjələns/danh từ

xe cứu thương

In heavy traffic, an ambulance can take far too long to reach a patient on the other side of the city.

Hay gặp: call an ambulance; be taken to hospital by ambulance (không có a).

call an ambulance · an ambulance crew · by ambulance

pharmacy/ˈfɑːməsi/danh từ

nhà thuốc, hiệu thuốc

There seems to be a pharmacy on every corner in Hanoi, yet few customers ask for advice before buying medicine.

Anh còn nói the chemist's; Mỹ: drugstore. Ngành dược cũng là pharmacy.

a local pharmacy · a 24-hour pharmacy

blood testCollocation

xét nghiệm máu

A simple blood test can reveal problems with your liver or kidneys long before you feel ill.

Hay đi với: have/do a blood test; the results of a blood test.

wheelchair/ˈwiːltʃeə/danh từ

xe lăn

Many older buildings in the city still have no ramps, so wheelchair users cannot get inside.

Hay gặp: in a wheelchair (ngồi xe lăn); wheelchair access.

in a wheelchair · wheelchair access · wheelchair users

fever/ˈfiːvə/danh từ

(cơn) sốt

A high fever in a baby should always be checked by a doctor, especially at night.

have a fever; tiếng Anh Anh cũng hay nói have a temperature.

a high fever · have a fever · bring down a fever

cough/kɒf/danh từ

(cơn) ho

A cough that lasts for several weeks should never be ignored, particularly by smokers.

Đọc /kɒf/ (gh đọc là f). Động từ cùng dạng. Hay gặp: a dry/persistent cough.

a dry cough · a persistent cough · cough medicine

heart attackCollocation

cơn đau tim, nhồi máu cơ tim

Chest pain spreading to the left arm can be an early warning of a heart attack.

Hay đi với: have/suffer a heart attack. Khác heart failure (suy tim).

cancer/ˈkænsə/danh từ

bệnh ung thư

Regular check-ups mean that many types of cancer can now be found before they spread.

Không đếm được khi nói chung. Hay gặp: lung/breast cancer; develop cancer.

lung cancer · develop cancer · cancer treatment

calorie/ˈkæləri/danh từ

calo (đơn vị năng lượng của thức ăn)

Printing the calorie content on menus helps diners make healthier choices without banning any food.

Thường số nhiều: count/burn calories. Tính từ ghép: low-calorie, high-calorie.

burn calories · count calories · a low-calorie diet

protein/ˈprəʊtiːn/danh từ

chất đạm (protein)

Beans and tofu are cheap sources of protein for families who cannot afford meat every day.

Không đếm được khi nói chung. Hay gặp: high in protein; a source of protein.

high in protein · a source of protein · protein intake

vitamin/ˈvɪtəmɪn/danh từ

vi-ta-min

Even a short walk in the morning sun helps the body produce vitamin D naturally.

Anh đọc /ˈvɪtəmɪn/, Mỹ đọc /ˈvaɪtəmɪn/. Hay gặp: vitamin supplements.

vitamin supplements · rich in vitamins · vitamin deficiency

hospital bedCollocation

giường bệnh

During the flu season, some provincial hospitals simply do not have a hospital bed for every patient.

Hay gặp: a shortage of hospital beds; hospital beds per 1,000 people (Task 1).

exercise/ˈeksəsaɪz/động từ

tập thể dục, vận động

Those who exercise for just half an hour a day tend to sleep better and feel less stressed.

Thường không cần tân ngữ: exercise regularly. Danh từ (không đếm được): do/take exercise.

exercise regularly · exercise daily

stretch/stretʃ/động từ

duỗi người, giãn cơ

Anyone stuck at a desk all day should stand up and stretch every hour to avoid back pain.

Danh từ: a stretch; stretching exercises. stretch your legs = đi lại cho đỡ mỏi.

stretch your legs · stretch before exercise

breathe/briːð/động từ

thở, hít thở

Learning to breathe slowly and deeply can calm the body during a panic attack.

Động từ breathe /briːð/ khác danh từ breath /breθ/. Hay gặp: breathe in/out.

breathe deeply · breathe in · struggle to breathe

sore/sɔː/tính từ

đau, nhức (khi chạm hoặc cử động)

A sore throat that lasts more than a week is worth showing to a doctor.

Hay gặp: a sore throat (đau họng), sore muscles, sore eyes.

a sore throat · sore muscles · sore eyes

dizzy/ˈdɪzi/tính từ

chóng mặt, choáng váng

Standing up too quickly after lying in the sun can make you feel dizzy.

Hay đi với: feel/get dizzy; dizzy spells (những cơn chóng mặt).

feel dizzy · dizzy spells

exhausted/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/tính từ

kiệt sức, mệt lả

Junior doctors often finish a long shift too exhausted to drive home safely.

Mạnh hơn tired; không nói very exhausted mà nói completely/totally exhausted.

completely exhausted · feel exhausted · physically exhausted

sedentary lifestyleCollocation

lối sống ít vận động

A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of heart disease.

Hợp Writing Task 2 về sức khoẻ và công nghệ.

obesity/əʊˈbiːsəti/danh từ

bệnh béo phì

Childhood obesity has become a serious concern in many cities.

Tính từ: obese. Hay đi với: childhood obesity, tackle obesity.

childhood obesity · tackle obesity

life expectancyCollocation

tuổi thọ trung bình

Better sanitation has raised life expectancy in many developing countries.

healthcare systemCollocation

hệ thống y tế

A growing number of elderly patients puts pressure on the healthcare system.

symptom/ˈsɪmptəm/danh từ

triệu chứng

Many people ignore early symptoms until the illness becomes serious.

well-being/ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/danh từ

sự khoẻ mạnh và hạnh phúc

Spending time outdoors has a positive effect on our well-being.

Cũng viết wellbeing. Hay đi với: mental/physical well-being.

vaccination/ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃn/danh từ

sự tiêm chủng

Free vaccination programmes protect children from serious diseases.

Động từ: vaccinate. Danh từ: vaccine.

ageing populationCollocation

dân số già hoá

An ageing population means more people will need long-term care.

Anh-Anh: ageing; Anh-Mỹ: aging.

nutrition/njuˈtrɪʃn/danh từ

dinh dưỡng

Good nutrition in early childhood supports healthy brain development.

Tính từ: nutritious (bổ dưỡng), nutritional.

addiction/əˈdɪkʃn/danh từ

sự nghiện

Smoking addiction is hard to overcome without professional support.

addiction TO something. Người nghiện: addict.

side effectsCollocation

tác dụng phụ

All medicines can have side effects, so doctors must explain the risks.

hygiene/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/danh từ

vệ sinh

Good hand hygiene reduces the spread of infections in hospitals.

Tính từ: hygienic.

health-conscious/ˌhelθˈkɒnʃəs/tính từ

quan tâm đến sức khoẻ

Health-conscious consumers are buying more fresh fruit and less sugar.

diagnose/ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/động từ

chẩn đoán

Early tests help doctors diagnose cancer before it spreads.

Danh từ: diagnosis. be diagnosed WITH an illness.

immune systemCollocation

hệ miễn dịch

Getting enough sleep helps keep the immune system strong.

public healthCollocation

y tế công cộng, sức khoẻ cộng đồng

Investing in clean water often does more for public health than building another expensive hospital.

Không đếm được. Hay đi với: improve/protect + public health; a public health campaign.

hospital admissionCollocation

việc nhập viện; ca nhập viện

The council compared the cost of a hospital admission with funding home safety checks for older residents.

Đếm được: hospital admissions (số ca nhập viện). Động từ tương ứng: be admitted to hospital.

medical recordCollocation

hồ sơ bệnh án

Keeping a single digital medical record for each patient helps doctors avoid dangerous drug combinations.

Thường dùng số nhiều: medical records. Hay đi với: access/keep/update + medical records.

general practitionerCollocation

bác sĩ đa khoa (bác sĩ gia đình)

A good general practitioner knows when a headache needs rest and when it needs a scan.

Tiếng Anh Anh hay viết tắt GP. Hay gặp: see/visit a GP; register with a GP.

emergency departmentCollocation

khoa cấp cứu

When Dad slipped on wet steps, a neighbour drove him straight to the emergency department.

Anh: A&E (Accident and Emergency); Mỹ: ER. Hay gặp: be taken to the emergency department.

intensive careCollocation

chăm sóc đặc biệt, hồi sức tích cực

The young driver spent three weeks in intensive care after the motorbike crash.

Dùng giới từ in: in intensive care. Hay gặp: intensive care unit (ICU).

home careCollocation

chăm sóc (người bệnh, người già) tại nhà

Many elderly people prefer home care to moving into a nursing facility far from their family.

Không đếm được. Hay gặp: home care services/workers; provide home care.

chronic illnessCollocation

bệnh mãn tính

Living with a chronic illness such as diabetes requires daily changes to diet and routine.

Trái nghĩa: acute illness (bệnh cấp tính). Hay đi với: suffer from/live with + a chronic illness.

infectious diseaseCollocation

bệnh truyền nhiễm

Clean water and vaccines have made it far less likely that a child will die from an infectious disease.

infectious: lây qua vi khuẩn, virus nói chung; contagious: lây khi tiếp xúc trực tiếp.

pandemic/pænˈdemɪk/danh từ

đại dịch (lan rộng toàn cầu)

The pandemic showed how quickly a virus can travel when millions of people fly every day.

Phân biệt: epidemic (dịch trong một vùng) và pandemic (đại dịch nhiều nước).

a global pandemic · during the pandemic · pandemic preparedness

outbreak/ˈaʊtbreɪk/danh từ

đợt bùng phát (dịch bệnh)

Health officials closed the market for a week after an outbreak of food poisoning was traced to one stall.

an outbreak OF + tên bệnh. Cụm động từ tương ứng: break out.

an outbreak of measles · contain an outbreak · a sudden outbreak

diagnosis/ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/danh từ

sự chẩn đoán

An early diagnosis of breast cancer greatly improves a patient's chances of survival.

Số nhiều: diagnoses /-siːz/. Động từ: diagnose sb with sth.

early diagnosis · make a diagnosis · receive a diagnosis

diabetes/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/danh từ

bệnh tiểu đường

Sugary drinks are widely blamed for the rise in type 2 diabetes among young adults.

Không đếm được, không nói ‘a diabetes’. Người bệnh: a diabetic hoặc a person with diabetes.

type 2 diabetes · develop diabetes · manage diabetes

mental illnessCollocation

bệnh tâm thần, rối loạn tâm thần

Talking openly about mental illness helps young people seek help before a crisis develops.

Cách nói trung tính, tránh từ xúc phạm như ‘crazy’. Gần nghĩa: mental health problems.

depression/dɪˈpreʃn/danh từ

bệnh trầm cảm

Long periods of loneliness can trigger depression, especially in older people who live alone.

Tính từ: depressed (bị trầm cảm); đừng nhầm với depressing (gây buồn chán).

suffer from depression · clinical depression · treat depression

anxiety/æŋˈzaɪəti/danh từ

sự lo âu; chứng rối loạn lo âu

Constant exam pressure is a major source of anxiety for secondary school students.

anxiety ABOUT/OVER sth. Tính từ: anxious, đọc /ˈæŋkʃəs/.

cause anxiety · an anxiety disorder · reduce anxiety

insomnia/ɪnˈsɒmniə/danh từ

chứng mất ngủ

Scrolling through social media late at night can make insomnia much worse.

Không đếm được. Hay đi với: suffer from insomnia. Người mất ngủ: an insomniac.

suffer from insomnia · chronic insomnia

immunity/ɪˈmjuːnəti/danh từ

khả năng miễn dịch

Breastfeeding helps babies build immunity against many common infections.

immunity TO/AGAINST a disease. Tính từ: immune.

build immunity · herd immunity · weakened immunity

screening/ˈskriːnɪŋ/danh từ

sự khám sàng lọc (phát hiện bệnh sớm)

Free screening for high blood pressure at local markets could catch many cases before they cause a stroke.

Hay gặp: cancer screening, a screening programme. Động từ: screen sb for sth.

cancer screening · a screening programme · routine screening

medication/ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃn/danh từ

thuốc (dùng để điều trị)

Elderly patients who take several kinds of medication need clear instructions to avoid mistakes.

on medication = đang dùng thuốc. Hay đi với: take/prescribe/stop medication.

take medication · be on medication · prescribe medication

prescription/prɪˈskrɪpʃn/danh từ

đơn thuốc

In some countries, antibiotics can still be bought without a prescription, which fuels drug resistance.

Anh: on prescription = bán theo đơn. Hay đi với: write a prescription; prescription drugs.

write a prescription · prescription drugs · without a prescription

therapy/ˈθerəpi/danh từ

liệu pháp, sự trị liệu

Talking therapy can be as effective as medication for people with mild depression.

Hay gặp: physical therapy, speech therapy; in therapy = đang trị liệu tâm lý.

physical therapy · go to therapy · talking therapy

antibiotic/ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/danh từ

thuốc kháng sinh

Taking an antibiotic for a common cold is pointless, because colds are caused by viruses.

Thường dùng số nhiều: antibiotics. Hay gặp: a course of antibiotics; be on antibiotics.

a course of antibiotics · antibiotic resistance · prescribe antibiotics

vaccine/ˈvæksiːn/danh từ

vắc-xin

Developing a new vaccine usually takes years of testing before it can be given to the public.

a vaccine AGAINST/FOR a disease. Động từ: vaccinate; danh từ: vaccination.

develop a vaccine · a vaccine against measles · vaccine hesitancy

stress managementCollocation

kiểm soát căng thẳng

Some universities now run stress management workshops for students during the exam season.

Không đếm được. Hay gặp: stress management techniques/courses.

healthy ageingCollocation

lão hoá khoẻ mạnh

Staying socially active is just as important for healthy ageing as eating well.

Anh: ageing; Mỹ: aging. Hay gặp: promote/support healthy ageing.

prescribe/prɪˈskraɪb/động từ

kê đơn (thuốc)

Doctors are under pressure not to prescribe antibiotics for simple viral infections.

prescribe sth FOR sb/sth. Danh từ: prescription.

prescribe medication · prescribe antibiotics · be prescribed painkillers

infect/ɪnˈfekt/động từ

lây nhiễm, làm nhiễm bệnh

One sick worker can infect dozens of colleagues in a crowded office with poor ventilation.

infect sb WITH sth; be infected with a virus. Danh từ: infection.

infect others · be infected with · an infected wound

transmit/trænzˈmɪt/động từ

truyền, lây truyền (bệnh)

Mosquitoes transmit dengue fever, so removing standing water around homes is essential.

transmit sth TO sb. Danh từ: transmission. Hay gặp: sexually transmitted diseases.

transmit a disease · transmit a virus · be transmitted through

cope/kəʊp/động từ

đương đầu, xoay xở được

Small rural clinics simply cannot cope when a flu outbreak hits during the harvest season.

cope WITH sth. Hay gặp: cope with stress/pressure; struggle to cope.

cope with stress · struggle to cope · learn to cope

admit/ədˈmɪt/động từ

cho nhập viện

The hospital agreed to admit the boy overnight so that nurses could keep an eye on his breathing.

be admitted TO hospital (Anh không dùng the). Danh từ: admission.

admit a patient · be admitted to hospital

refer/rɪˈfɜː/động từ

chuyển (bệnh nhân) đến bác sĩ, cơ sở khác

If the cough lasts more than a month, your doctor may refer you to a lung specialist.

refer sb TO sb/somewhere. Danh từ: referral. Quá khứ: referred (gấp đôi r).

refer a patient · refer sb to a specialist · be referred to hospital

operate/ˈɒpəreɪt/động từ

mổ, phẫu thuật

Surgeons had to operate immediately to stop the internal bleeding.

operate ON sb/sth (mổ cho ai, mổ chỗ nào). Danh từ: operation.

operate on a patient · decide to operate · operate on the knee

heal/hiːl/động từ

lành lại (vết thương, xương)

A broken wrist usually takes several weeks to heal properly, even in young and healthy patients.

heal dùng cho vết thương, xương gãy; cure dùng cho bệnh.

heal quickly · a wound heals · heal properly

monitor blood pressureCollocation

theo dõi huyết áp

Older adults can monitor blood pressure at home with a simple digital device and share the readings with their doctor.

Mở rộng: monitor sb's blood pressure; high/low blood pressure (huyết áp cao/thấp).

raise health awarenessCollocation

nâng cao nhận thức về sức khoẻ

Short videos made by local doctors are a cheap way to raise health awareness among teenagers.

Cũng nói: raise awareness OF/ABOUT health issues. Hợp Writing Task 2.

contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/tính từ

dễ lây (qua tiếp xúc)

Children with chickenpox should stay at home, because the illness is highly contagious.

Hay đi với: highly contagious. Nghĩa bóng: contagious laughter (tiếng cười dễ lây).

highly contagious · a contagious disease

terminal/ˈtɜːmɪnl/tính từ

(bệnh) giai đoạn cuối, không chữa được

When her father was diagnosed with terminal cancer, the family chose to care for him at home.

Hay gặp: terminal illness/cancer; terminally ill. Danh từ terminal = nhà ga.

terminal cancer · a terminal illness · terminally ill

nutritious/njuˈtrɪʃəs/tính từ

bổ dưỡng, giàu dinh dưỡng

A bowl of rice with vegetables and fish is far more nutritious than a packet of instant noodles.

Phân biệt: nutritious (bổ) và nutritional (thuộc về dinh dưỡng).

a nutritious meal · nutritious food · highly nutritious

hygienic/haɪˈdʒiːnɪk/tính từ

hợp vệ sinh

Street food stalls must keep their cooking area hygienic to pass the new safety inspections.

Danh từ: hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/. Trái nghĩa: unhygienic.

hygienic conditions · a hygienic kitchen

immune/ɪˈmjuːn/tính từ

miễn dịch (với bệnh)

Once you have had measles, you are usually immune to it for the rest of your life.

immune TO a disease. Hay gặp: the immune system (hệ miễn dịch).

the immune system · immune to · an immune response

fatal/ˈfeɪtl/tính từ

gây tử vong, chết người

Untreated, a simple infection can become fatal for someone with a weak immune system.

Hay gặp: prove fatal; a fatal disease. Gần nghĩa: deadly, lethal.

prove fatal · a fatal disease · potentially fatal

preventable/prɪˈventəbl/tính từ

có thể phòng ngừa được

Far too many children still die from diseases that are entirely preventable with cheap vaccines.

Hay gặp: preventable diseases/deaths; largely preventable.

preventable diseases · largely preventable · preventable deaths

resistant/rɪˈzɪstənt/tính từ

kháng lại (thuốc, bệnh)

Overusing antibiotics allows bacteria to become resistant, making simple infections hard to treat.

resistant TO sth. Hay gặp: drug-resistant, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

resistant to antibiotics · drug-resistant · become resistant

come down withPhrasal verb

bị mắc (bệnh nhẹ như cảm, cúm)

I had to miss the school trip after I started to come down with a fever.

Thân mật, dùng cho bệnh nhẹ: come down with a cold/flu. Quá khứ: came down with.

pass outPhrasal verb

ngất, bất tỉnh

Runners who skip breakfast before a long race in the heat sometimes pass out near the finish line.

Thân mật. Trang trọng hơn: faint, lose consciousness. Tỉnh lại: come round.

cut outPhrasal verb

bỏ hẳn (một loại đồ ăn, thói quen)

My doctor advised me to cut out sugary drinks completely rather than just drink fewer of them.

cut out sth / cut sth out. Khác cut down on (chỉ giảm bớt).

wear offPhrasal verb

hết tác dụng dần (thuốc, cảm giác)

Once the anaesthetic began to wear off, the patient felt a dull ache around the stitches.

Chủ ngữ là thuốc hoặc cảm giác: the painkillers/the effect wore off.

break outPhrasal verb

bùng phát (dịch bệnh)

Health experts warn that diseases such as cholera can break out quickly in flooded areas without clean water.

Nội động từ, không có tân ngữ: an epidemic broke out. Danh từ: outbreak.

bounce backPhrasal verb

hồi phục nhanh

Children usually bounce back from a fever faster than adults do.

Thân mật. bounce back FROM sth. Cũng dùng cho kinh tế, tinh thần.

check up onPhrasal verb

kiểm tra, hỏi han tình hình (ai đó)

Volunteers in our neighbourhood check up on elderly residents who live alone during heatwaves.

check up on sb. Đừng nhầm với danh từ check-up (đợt khám sức khoẻ).

on the mendThành ngữ

đang hồi phục, đang khá lên

After a week of antibiotics, my little brother is finally on the mend and eating normally again.

Thân mật, hợp Speaking. Thường đi với be: be on the mend.

back on one's feetThành ngữ

khoẻ lại, trở lại sinh hoạt bình thường

With regular physiotherapy, the injured builder was back on his feet within two months.

Thay one's bằng my/his/her: back on her feet. Cũng dùng khi phục hồi tài chính.

kick the habitThành ngữ

bỏ thói quen xấu (thuốc lá, rượu…)

Nicotine patches finally helped my uncle kick the habit after twenty years of smoking.

Thân mật, hay nói về thuốc lá, ma tuý. Gần nghĩa: give up, quit.

as fit as a fiddleThành ngữ

khoẻ như vâm

The doctor expected a long recovery, but two weeks after the operation she was back at her stall, as fit as a fiddle.

Thân mật, hơi cổ; dùng trong Speaking, không dùng trong Writing.

run-down/ˌrʌnˈdaʊn/tính từ

mệt mỏi, suy nhược

Students who sleep little during exam weeks often feel run-down and catch every cold going.

Thân mật. Nghĩa khác: xuống cấp, tồi tàn (a run-down building).

feel run-down · get run-down

prevention is better than cureCụm từ

phòng bệnh hơn chữa bệnh

Spending public money on vaccines rather than hospital beds reflects the idea that prevention is better than cure.

Tục ngữ, hợp mở bài hoặc kết luận Writing Task 2 về y tế; đừng lạm dụng.

surgeon/ˈsɜːdʒən/danh từ

bác sĩ phẫu thuật

Training to become a surgeon takes many years, which partly explains why so few work in rural provinces.

Phân biệt: surgeon (bác sĩ mổ) và physician (bác sĩ nội khoa).

a heart surgeon · a brain surgeon · a plastic surgeon

paramedic/ˌpærəˈmedɪk/danh từ

nhân viên cấp cứu (đi xe cứu thương)

The paramedic kept the injured cyclist calm while checking his breathing at the roadside.

Không phải bác sĩ; được đào tạo sơ cứu, cấp cứu ngoài bệnh viện.

paramedics arrive · a trained paramedic

pharmacist/ˈfɑːməsɪst/danh từ

dược sĩ

A pharmacist can often advise on minor illnesses, saving patients a trip to the doctor.

Anh còn gọi dược sĩ là chemist. Nơi làm việc: pharmacy.

ask a pharmacist · a qualified pharmacist

midwife/ˈmɪdwaɪf/danh từ

nữ hộ sinh, bà đỡ

In mountain villages, a trained midwife can make the difference between a safe birth and a tragedy.

Số nhiều: midwives. Nghề hộ sinh: midwifery /ˌmɪdˈwɪfəri/.

a trained midwife · a community midwife

physiotherapist/ˌfɪziəʊˈθerəpɪst/danh từ

chuyên viên vật lý trị liệu

After the knee operation, a physiotherapist showed me simple exercises to rebuild the muscle.

Anh: physiotherapist (thân mật: physio); Mỹ: physical therapist. Ngành: physiotherapy.

see a physiotherapist · a sports physiotherapist

carer/ˈkeərə/danh từ

người chăm sóc (người già, người bệnh)

Being a full-time carer for a parent with dementia can leave a person exhausted and isolated.

Anh: carer; Mỹ: caregiver. Hay gặp: an unpaid/full-time carer.

a full-time carer · an unpaid carer · young carers

donor/ˈdəʊnə/danh từ

người hiến (máu, tạng)

Some patients wait years for a kidney because there is no suitable donor in their family.

Hay gặp: a blood/organ donor. Động từ: donate.

a blood donor · an organ donor · a suitable donor

ward/wɔːd/danh từ

khu điều trị, phòng bệnh (trong bệnh viện)

The children's ward was decorated with bright paintings to make young patients feel less afraid.

Hay gặp: a maternity/children's ward; on the ward (dùng giới từ on).

a maternity ward · the children's ward · on the ward

ultrasound/ˈʌltrəsaʊnd/danh từ

(sự) siêu âm

A routine ultrasound allows doctors to check the baby's growth without any risk to the mother.

Hay gặp: have an ultrasound (scan). Đừng nhầm với X-ray (chụp X-quang).

an ultrasound scan · have an ultrasound

transplant/ˈtrænsplɑːnt/danh từ

(ca) cấy ghép (nội tạng)

A liver transplant can give a patient decades of extra life, but suitable organs are hard to find.

Động từ transplant đọc /trænsˈplɑːnt/. Hay gặp: a kidney/heart transplant.

a kidney transplant · an organ transplant · a transplant patient

bandage/ˈbændɪdʒ/danh từ

băng (vải) quấn vết thương

The nurse wrapped a tight bandage around his ankle to reduce the swelling.

Động từ cùng dạng: bandage a wound. Băng dán nhỏ trong tiếng Anh Anh: plaster.

a tight bandage · wrap a bandage · remove the bandage

stitches/ˈstɪtʃɪz/danh từ

mũi khâu (vết thương)

The cut on her forehead was deep enough to need six stitches.

Thường dùng số nhiều. Cắt chỉ: have your stitches out (Anh) / removed.

need stitches · have stitches out · a few stitches

crutches/ˈkrʌtʃɪz/danh từ

(đôi) nạng

After breaking his leg in a football match, my cousin spent a month getting around campus on crutches.

Thường dùng số nhiều; đi với giới từ on: walk on crutches.

on crutches · a pair of crutches

rash/ræʃ/danh từ

phát ban, mẩn đỏ (trên da)

Some children develop a rash after taking certain antibiotics, which may be a sign of an allergy.

Đếm được: develop a rash. Tính từ rash lại có nghĩa là hấp tấp, liều lĩnh.

develop a rash · a skin rash · an itchy rash

swelling/ˈswelɪŋ/danh từ

chỗ sưng, sự sưng tấy

Putting ice on a twisted ankle helps reduce swelling in the first few hours.

Tính từ: swollen. Hay đi với: reduce/cause swelling.

reduce swelling · painful swelling

fracture/ˈfræktʃə/danh từ

chỗ gãy, rạn (xương)

Older women face a higher risk of a hip fracture because their bones become thinner with age.

Trang trọng hơn break. Động từ cùng dạng: fracture a bone.

a hip fracture · a stress fracture · suffer a fracture

sprain/spreɪn/danh từ

(sự) bong gân

A bad ankle sprain can sometimes take longer to heal than a clean break.

Động từ cùng dạng: sprain your ankle. Khác strain (căng cơ).

an ankle sprain · a wrist sprain · a minor sprain

stroke/strəʊk/danh từ

(cơn) đột quỵ, tai biến mạch máu não

Recognising the signs of a stroke quickly can save a life and reduce lasting damage.

Hay gặp: have/suffer a stroke. Nghĩa khác: cú đánh; kiểu bơi.

have a stroke · suffer a stroke · stroke patients

asthma/ˈæsmə/danh từ

bệnh hen suyễn

Children who grow up near busy roads seem more likely to develop asthma.

Đọc /ˈæsmə/, th câm. Hay gặp: an asthma attack; suffer from asthma.

an asthma attack · suffer from asthma · an asthma inhaler

arthritis/ɑːˈθraɪtɪs/danh từ

bệnh viêm khớp

Gentle exercise such as tai chi can ease the stiffness that arthritis causes in older people's joints.

Không đếm được. Hay gặp: suffer from arthritis; arthritis in the knees.

suffer from arthritis · arthritis in the hands

infection/ɪnˈfekʃn/danh từ

sự nhiễm trùng, nhiễm bệnh

Cleaning a cut properly with soap and water is the simplest way to avoid an infection.

Hay đi với: cause/prevent/fight an infection; an ear/chest infection.

a chest infection · fight an infection · the risk of infection

wound/wuːnd/danh từ

vết thương

A deep wound from a rusty nail may need a tetanus injection as well as stitches.

Đọc /wuːnd/; đừng nhầm với wound /waʊnd/ là quá khứ của wind (quấn).

an open wound · clean a wound · a stab wound

dehydration/ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃn/danh từ

(tình trạng) mất nước của cơ thể

Construction workers in the summer heat face a serious risk of dehydration if they cannot take regular breaks.

Không đếm được. Tính từ: dehydrated. Hay gặp: suffer from/prevent dehydration.

severe dehydration · suffer from dehydration · prevent dehydration

overdose/ˈəʊvədəʊs/danh từ

(sự) dùng thuốc quá liều

Keeping medicines locked away reduces the risk of a child taking an accidental overdose.

take an overdose OF sth. Động từ: overdose ON sth.

an accidental overdose · take an overdose · a drug overdose

fibre/ˈfaɪbə/danh từ

chất xơ (trong thức ăn)

Swapping white rice for brown rice is an easy way to add more fibre to your diet.

Anh: fibre; Mỹ: fiber. Không đếm được. Hay gặp: high in fibre; dietary fibre.

high in fibre · dietary fibre · a high-fibre diet

portion sizeCollocation

cỡ khẩu phần (lượng thức ăn mỗi phần)

Simply reducing portion size, rather than banning favourite foods, is often the most realistic way to lose weight.

Hay dùng số nhiều: portion sizes. Hay đi với: control/reduce portion size.

food labelCollocation

nhãn thông tin thực phẩm (trên bao bì)

Clear traffic-light colours on a food label help shoppers spot products high in salt and sugar.

Thường số nhiều: read food labels. Gần nghĩa: nutrition label.

medical attentionCollocation

sự thăm khám, chăm sóc y tế

Anyone who feels chest pain during exercise should seek medical attention immediately.

Không đếm được. Hay đi với: seek/need/receive medical attention.

health riskCollocation

nguy cơ đối với sức khoẻ

Burning rubbish in the open air poses a serious health risk to people living nearby.

Hay đi với: pose a health risk (to sb); a major/serious health risk.

staff shortageCollocation

tình trạng thiếu nhân lực

A severe staff shortage forced the clinic to close its night service for several months.

Hay dùng số nhiều: staff shortages. Gần nghĩa: a shortage of staff, understaffing.

health workerCollocation

nhân viên y tế

Every health worker in the village was trained to spot the early signs of dengue fever.

Hay gặp: community health workers; frontline health workers.

care homeCollocation

viện dưỡng lão, nhà chăm sóc người già

Moving a parent into a care home is still a difficult decision for many Vietnamese families.

Anh: care home; Mỹ: nursing home. Hay gặp: live in/move into a care home.

quality of lifeCollocation

chất lượng cuộc sống

A hip replacement may not extend a person's life, but it can transform their quality of life.

Không đếm được. Hay đi với: improve/enhance quality of life. Hợp Writing Task 2.

mental health supportCollocation

(sự) hỗ trợ sức khoẻ tâm thần

Universities should provide free mental health support, as many students struggle silently with stress.

Không đếm được. Hay đi với: provide/access/seek mental health support.

donate/dəʊˈneɪt/động từ

hiến (máu, nội tạng)

Healthy adults who donate blood regularly help hospitals keep enough supplies for emergencies.

donate sth TO sb/sth. Danh từ: donation; người hiến: donor.

donate blood · donate organs · donate to charity

vaccinate/ˈvæksɪneɪt/động từ

tiêm vắc-xin, tiêm phòng

Parents who refuse to vaccinate their children put other families at risk as well.

vaccinate sb AGAINST a disease. Danh từ: vaccination.

vaccinate children · vaccinate against flu · be fully vaccinated

sanitise/ˈsænɪtaɪz/động từ

khử trùng, sát khuẩn

Shops were asked to sanitise door handles and card machines several times a day.

Anh: sanitise; Mỹ: sanitize. Danh từ: hand sanitiser (nước rửa tay sát khuẩn).

sanitise your hands · sanitise surfaces

swallow/ˈswɒləʊ/động từ

nuốt

Patients who find it hard to swallow tablets can often get the same medicine as a liquid.

Hay gặp: difficulty swallowing; swallow a pill whole.

swallow a pill · difficulty swallowing

inhale/ɪnˈheɪl/động từ

hít vào

Commuters who inhale exhaust fumes every day may face a higher risk of lung disease.

Trái nghĩa: exhale. Danh từ liên quan: inhaler (ống hít trị hen).

inhale smoke · inhale deeply · inhale fumes

swollen/ˈswəʊlən/tính từ

sưng, sưng tấy

My ankle was so swollen after the fall that I could not put my shoe back on.

Là quá khứ phân từ của swell. Hay gặp: swollen glands/ankles.

a swollen ankle · swollen glands · badly swollen

underweight/ˌʌndəˈweɪt/tính từ

thiếu cân, nhẹ cân

Babies born underweight need extra care and close monitoring in the first weeks of life.

Trái nghĩa: overweight. Hay gặp: severely underweight.

severely underweight · underweight children

life-threatening/ˈlaɪfˌθretənɪŋ/tính từ

đe doạ tính mạng

A nut allergy can cause a life-threatening reaction within minutes, so schools must be prepared.

Hay gặp: a life-threatening condition/illness; life-threatening injuries.

a life-threatening illness · a life-threatening condition · life-threatening injuries

preventive/prɪˈventɪv/tính từ

mang tính phòng ngừa

Preventive care is cheaper than treating diseases once they develop.

Biến thể: preventative. Hay đi với: preventive measures/medicine.

chronic/ˈkrɒnɪk/tính từ

mãn tính, kéo dài

Chronic diseases such as diabetes require long-term treatment.

Trái nghĩa: acute (cấp tính).

epidemic/ˌepɪˈdemɪk/danh từ

dịch bệnh lan rộng; vấn nạn lan rộng

Some experts describe loneliness among older adults as a hidden epidemic.

Phạm vi rộng hơn: pandemic (đại dịch toàn cầu).

stress-related/ˈstresrɪˌleɪtɪd/tính từ

liên quan đến căng thẳng

Stress-related illnesses are a major cause of absence from work.

primary careCollocation

chăm sóc sức khoẻ ban đầu (tuyến cơ sở)

When primary care is easy to reach, fewer patients end up queuing in crowded city hospitals.

Chỉ tuyến khám đầu tiên như bác sĩ gia đình, trạm y tế. Hay gặp: primary care doctors/services.

specialist referralCollocation

việc hoặc giấy giới thiệu đến bác sĩ chuyên khoa

My family doctor arranged a specialist referral after discussing my test results with me.

Động từ: refer sb to a specialist. Hay đi với: get/need/give a specialist referral.

outpatient clinicCollocation

phòng khám ngoại trú

Minor procedures can be done at an outpatient clinic, so patients go home the same day.

outpatient = bệnh nhân ngoại trú; trái nghĩa: inpatient (bệnh nhân nội trú).

palliative careCollocation

chăm sóc giảm nhẹ (cho người bệnh nặng)

Good palliative care focuses on easing pain and fear once a cure is no longer possible.

palliative đọc /ˈpæliətɪv/. Dành cho bệnh nhân giai đoạn cuối, không nhằm chữa khỏi.

universal coverageCollocation

bao phủ (bảo hiểm y tế) toàn dân

Achieving universal coverage means that even farmers in remote villages can afford basic treatment.

Đầy đủ: universal health coverage (UHC). Hay đi với: achieve/move towards universal coverage.

prognosis/prɒɡˈnəʊsɪs/danh từ

tiên lượng (khả năng diễn biến của bệnh)

Thanks to new drugs, the prognosis for children with this type of leukaemia is far better than it once was.

Khác diagnosis (xác định bệnh gì). Hay đi với: a good/poor prognosis.

a good prognosis · a poor prognosis

preventive careCollocation

chăm sóc dự phòng (phòng bệnh)

Spending more on preventive care, such as regular check-ups, saves money on expensive treatment later.

Còn viết preventative care. Hay đi với: invest in/have access to preventive care.

infant mortalityCollocation

tử vong ở trẻ sơ sinh

Better access to trained midwives is one of the main reasons infant mortality has fallen in rural areas.

Hay gặp: the infant mortality rate (tỉ lệ tử vong trẻ sơ sinh). Hợp Writing Task 1/2.

substance abuseCollocation

lạm dụng chất gây nghiện (rượu, ma tuý)

Teenagers with nothing to do after school may be more vulnerable to substance abuse.

Văn phong trang trọng. Gần nghĩa: drug abuse, addiction.

dosage/ˈdəʊsɪdʒ/danh từ

liều lượng (thuốc)

Parents should check the dosage carefully, because a child's dose is often much smaller than an adult's.

Phân biệt: dose (một liều) và dosage (liều lượng quy định). Hay gặp: the recommended dosage.

the recommended dosage · exceed the dosage · a high dosage

sleep hygieneCollocation

thói quen ngủ lành mạnh

Good sleep hygiene, like keeping a fixed bedtime and a dark room, often helps more than sleeping pills.

Không đếm được. Chỉ các thói quen giúp ngủ ngon, không phải vệ sinh thân thể.

smoking cessationCollocation

việc cai thuốc lá

Free smoking cessation programmes cost far less than treating lung disease in later life.

Văn phong trang trọng, y khoa. Nói thường: quit/give up smoking.

health literacyCollocation

hiểu biết về sức khoẻ (khả năng hiểu thông tin y tế)

Low health literacy means some patients cannot follow the instructions printed on their medicine.

Không đếm được. Hay gặp: improve/promote health literacy; low health literacy.

relapse/rɪˈlæps/động từ

tái phát (bệnh); tái nghiện

Without support at home, patients who stop drinking often relapse within the first few months.

relapse INTO a habit. Danh từ cùng dạng: suffer a relapse.

relapse into drinking · suffer a relapse · the risk of relapse

immunise/ˈɪmjunaɪz/động từ

tiêm chủng, tạo miễn dịch

Health workers travelled from village to village to immunise children against polio.

Anh: immunise; Mỹ: immunize. immunise sb AGAINST a disease.

immunise children · immunise against measles · be fully immunised

discharge/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/động từ

cho xuất viện

Hospitals that discharge patients too early often see them return within a week.

be discharged FROM hospital. Danh từ discharge đọc /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/.

discharge a patient · be discharged from hospital

screen/skriːn/động từ

khám sàng lọc (để phát hiện bệnh)

Pharmacies in some cities now screen customers for diabetes with a quick finger-prick test.

screen sb FOR a disease. Danh từ: screening.

screen for cancer · screen patients · be screened for

acute/əˈkjuːt/tính từ

cấp tính

The patient described acute pain in her shoulder, and the nurse recorded when it had started.

Trái nghĩa: chronic (mãn tính). Nghĩa khác: nghiêm trọng (an acute shortage).

acute pain · an acute infection · acute symptoms

invasive/ɪnˈveɪsɪv/tính từ

xâm lấn (thủ thuật, phẫu thuật)

Patients often prefer a blood test to a more invasive procedure such as a biopsy.

Trái nghĩa: non-invasive. Hay gặp: minimally invasive surgery (mổ ít xâm lấn).

an invasive procedure · minimally invasive · invasive surgery

holistic/həʊˈlɪstɪk/tính từ

toàn diện (xét cả thể chất lẫn tinh thần)

A holistic approach to health looks at sleep, diet and stress as well as physical symptoms.

Hay đi với: a holistic approach/view. Hợp Writing Task 2.

a holistic approach · holistic medicine · holistic care

malnourished/ˌmælˈnʌrɪʃt/tính từ

suy dinh dưỡng

Malnourished children are more likely to fall behind at school because they cannot concentrate.

Danh từ: malnutrition. Hay gặp: severely malnourished.

severely malnourished · malnourished children

flare upPhrasal verb

tái phát, bùng lên (bệnh, cơn đau)

His eczema tends to flare up whenever he is stressed or the weather turns dry.

Danh từ: a flare-up. Hay dùng với asthma, eczema, arthritis, pain.

a clean bill of healthThành ngữ

kết luận hoàn toàn khoẻ mạnh (sau khi khám)

Before joining the national swimming squad, every athlete must get a clean bill of health from the team doctor.

Hay đi với: give sb / get / receive a clean bill of health.

take its tollThành ngữ

gây tổn hại dần, để lại hậu quả xấu

Working night shifts for years can take its toll on a nurse's sleep and mood.

take its toll ON sb/sth. Chủ ngữ số nhiều: take their toll.

a shot in the armThành ngữ

liều thuốc tinh thần, cú hích giúp khởi sắc

Volunteer drivers gave our village vaccination campaign a shot in the arm by bringing isolated residents to the clinic.

Nghĩa bóng. Hay gặp: be a shot in the arm for sth; give sth a shot in the arm.

bed occupancyCollocation

công suất sử dụng giường bệnh

When bed occupancy in a city hospital rises above full capacity, patients may have to share beds or wait in corridors.

Hay gặp: the bed occupancy rate. Hợp Writing Task 1 về số liệu bệnh viện.

biopsy/ˈbaɪɒpsi/danh từ

(sự) sinh thiết

Doctors took a biopsy of the lump to find out whether it was cancerous.

Hay đi với: take/do/have a biopsy. Số nhiều: biopsies.

take a biopsy · biopsy results · a skin biopsy

concussion/kənˈkʌʃn/danh từ

(sự) chấn động não

Riders who refuse to wear helmets are far more likely to suffer concussion in a crash.

Anh hay dùng không có a: suffer concussion; Mỹ: a concussion.

suffer concussion · mild concussion · the risk of concussion

tumour/ˈtjuːmə/danh từ

khối u

Not every tumour is cancerous, but doctors usually test it carefully before deciding on treatment.

Anh: tumour; Mỹ: tumor. U lành: benign; u ác tính: malignant.

a brain tumour · a benign tumour · remove a tumour

dementia/dɪˈmenʃə/danh từ

chứng sa sút trí tuệ

As the population ages, more families will need support caring for relatives with dementia.

Không đếm được. Hay gặp: develop dementia; dementia care; people with dementia.

develop dementia · dementia care · people with dementia

migraine/ˈmiːɡreɪn/danh từ

chứng đau nửa đầu

For some office workers, hours of screen time and a skipped lunch are enough to trigger a migraine.

Anh còn đọc /ˈmaɪɡreɪn/. Đếm được: suffer from migraines.

a severe migraine · suffer from migraines · trigger a migraine

sanitation/ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/danh từ

hệ thống vệ sinh (nước sạch, xử lý chất thải)

Poor sanitation in crowded slums allows diseases such as cholera and typhoid to spread rapidly.

Không đếm được. Hay gặp: poor/improved sanitation; access to sanitation.

poor sanitation · basic sanitation · access to sanitation

risk factorCollocation

yếu tố nguy cơ (gây bệnh)

Obesity is a major risk factor for heart disease, diabetes and some types of cancer.

a risk factor FOR sth. Hợp Writing Task 2 khi bàn nguyên nhân bệnh tật.

early interventionCollocation

(sự) can thiệp sớm

Early intervention for children with speech delays can make a huge difference by the time they start school.

Hợp Writing Task 2 về y tế, giáo dục. Hay gặp: the importance of early intervention.

informed consentCollocation

sự đồng ý (điều trị) sau khi được giải thích đầy đủ

Before any operation, surgeons must obtain informed consent unless the patient is unconscious in an emergency.

Thuật ngữ y khoa, pháp lý. Hay đi với: give/obtain informed consent.

patient confidentialityCollocation

(nguyên tắc) bảo mật thông tin người bệnh

A nurse who posts photos from the ward online could seriously breach patient confidentiality.

Không đếm được. Hay đi với: breach/protect/respect patient confidentiality.

peer supportCollocation

(sự) hỗ trợ từ người cùng hoàn cảnh

Peer support groups let new mothers share their worries with women who have recently been through the same thing.

Không đếm được. Hay gặp: peer support groups/networks.

resuscitate/rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/động từ

hồi sức cấp cứu, làm (ai) tỉnh lại

A passer-by who knew first aid managed to resuscitate the man before the ambulance arrived.

Danh từ: resuscitation. CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation (hồi sức tim phổi).

attempt to resuscitate · resuscitate a patient

frail/freɪl/tính từ

yếu ớt, ốm yếu (thường do tuổi già)

Frail elderly people are especially vulnerable during extreme heat and should not be left alone.

Danh từ: frailty. Hay gặp: frail health; elderly and frail.

frail health · elderly and frail · look frail

bedridden/ˈbedrɪdn/tính từ

nằm liệt giường

Since her stroke, my grandmother has been bedridden and needs help with almost everything.

Thường đứng sau be/become. Gần nghĩa: confined to bed.

become bedridden · bedridden patients

sterile/ˈsteraɪl/tính từ

vô trùng

Surgical tools must be completely sterile, or patients may develop serious infections after an operation.

Nghĩa khác: vô sinh. Động từ: sterilise. Hay gặp: a sterile environment.

a sterile environment · sterile equipment · a sterile dressing